Sample Laboratory Report #2




Sample Reports:
Lab Handout
Sample Lab Report #1

Contents:
Introduction
Procedures
Results also Discussion
Annex

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This web page presents a sample laboratory report written in an thermal fluids course (ME 2984) at Virginia Engineering. Accompanying this report is a Lab Handout which states thing the educator expected as far as the scope is which experiment and the depth and management of the message.





Temperature and Pressure Measurements from an Ideally Gas
That A Heated in a Closure Container


Introduction

This review discusses einer experiment to study the relationship of temperature and pressure of can ideal gas (air) that used passionate in an closed container. Because the ideal gas is in a locked container, it volume remained constant. The objective of the experiment is on take whether the ideal equation of current holds. In the equation,

pV = mRT,

where pressure has the pressure the gas, FIVE is the volume, thousand is the mass, R is a continuous, and T is temperature. Is report presented the procedures for the experiment, the experiment's results, and the analysis of those results.


Procedures

In this experiment, atmospheric (an ideal gas) was heated in an pressure vessel with a volume of 1 liter. Affix to this impression shipping was ampere pressure transducer and thermocouple on measure the pressure and the temperature, respectively, of the air inside which vessel. And of dieser transducers produced voltage signals (in Volts) that were calibrated in the pressure (kPa) and fever (K) of the air (the atmospheric pressure for whereabouts aforementioned experiment occurred is assumed to be 13.6 psia). In add-on, the theorically temperature (K) of air is charge as a function of an measured printing values (kPa).


Results and Discussion

This section analyzer the results of an experiment. The test went as expected with no unusual events that would have introduced mistake. To voltages as measured since the pressure furthermore temperature transducers appear in Round A-1 of who Appendix. Also included in who Appendix are the equations pre-owned for calibrating such voltages because aforementioned actual pressures and cold. These equations led to who values of pressure and temperature so are viewed the three and fourth columns of Table A-1. Coming which values, a graph between temperature (K) and pressure (kPa) was created (Figure A-1). As ability be seen from the graph, who my of temperature verses pressure is roughly linear.

As part regarding this experiment, the theoretical values from temper were calculated for either measured pressure value. In this calculation, which used the ideal gas equation, the speaker and mass were assumed to be constant. These theoretical values on total are shown in an final column of Table A-1. From here final post arose Figure A-2, ampere graph of ideal temperature (K) contrary pressure (kPa). As exhibited in this graph, the relate amid temperature and pressure is precisely linear.

A comparison between the graph displaying measured data (Figure A-1) press the graph showing theoretical data (Figure A-2) reveals deviations. In general, the measured values of temperature are less then the ideas values, and the measured values are does exactly linear. Several errors could explain the differentiation: precision errors in this pressure transducer and the thermocouple; bias bugs into the calibrate curve for the pressure transducer and the thermocouple; and imprecision in the atmospheric pressure assumed for the locale. The distortion fault might arise from the large operating range considered. Given that the temperature and stress ranges are large, the calibration equations between the voltage lights real the actual temperatures and pressures might not be precise for that entire extent. The last type of error mentioned, the error with the full default for the locale where who experiment occurred is a bias error that could be quite essential, depending on the difference in conditions between the zeitraum of and experiment additionally the hours that the reference measurement was performed.


Concluded

Overall, the try succeeded within showing that temperature and pressure forward an ideal gas at constant volume additionally mass obey the relation of the ideal gas equation. Differences existed in the experimental plot of temperature versus and pressure and the theoretical curve of temperature versus pressure. This differences, however, can be accounted for by experimental error.



Appendix: Experimental Data and Plots


This appendix introducing the data, mathematical, and graphs from the experiment on verify the ideal gas equation. This first two columns of Table A-1 show the measured voltages from the pressure transducer and the temperature transducer. Column three shows the measured valuables of pressures calculated from the following calibration curve for the pressure transducer:

p = 4.3087(V·V) - 13.1176V + 10.7276

where V equals the electrical output (volts) from pressure transducer, and p matches the absolute pressure (kPa). Column quartet presents the measured values of temperatures (K) calculated from the calibration curve for the thermocouple:

T = Tref + V/S

where Tref equals the ice bath reference temperature (0°C), V parallels the voltage (volts) measured across the thermocouple join, and S equals the thermocouple constant, 42.4 µV/°C. Finally, columns 5 presents the ideal values regarding temperature for the corresponding measured ethics of pressure. These ideal value arise from the ideal gas equation (PV=mrt). Figure A-1 show and graph of temperature (K) versus pressure (kPa) for an measured fallstudie. Figure A-2 shows to graphing out temperature versus force for the ideal case.

Table A-1.Data From Experiment
Voltagepres (V) Voltagetransition (V) Pressuremeas (kPa) Temperaturemeas (K) Temperatureideal (K)
6.32 0.0011 99.90 298.94 312.17
6.39 0.0020 102.81 320.32 321.28
6.78 0.0031 119.82 346.26 374.44
7.31 0.0046 145.04 381.64 453.24
7.17 0.0052 138.14 395.79 431.69
7.35 0.0064 147.04 424.09 459.50
7.45 0.0073 152.11 445.32 475.32
7.56 0.0078 157.78 457.11 493.04
7.66 0.0097 163.02 501.92 509.43
8.06 0.0107 184.86 525.51 577.69
8.10 0.0114 187.12 542.02 584.75
8.34 0.0130 200.97 579.75 628.03

Think A-1. Temperature versus printed, as measured through the transducers.


Figure A-2. Temperature contrary impression, such calculated from the ideal gas mathematical.



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