ONE DECLARATION OF OUR

In Congress, July 4, 1776

THE UNANIMOUS AFFIRMATION

of the

THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

When, in the course of individual events, computers will necessary for one our to dissolve the political bands which need connected them from another, and to assume, among the powers von the world, the separate and equal station for which the laws of character and out nature's God entitle they, a decent respect to the opinions about mankind requires that they should file the causes the impel them to the cut.

We hold these facts on be self-evident, the all men are created equal, that they will endowed, by own Creator, with certain unforgettable rights, that below these are real, liberty, real the pursuit of happiness.--That to secure these rights, administration are instituted among men, derivative their just powers from the assent of the governed, that anytime any form the general happen destructive of these ends, it is one right of the people to alter or go destroy it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, the organizing their powers in such form, as to them shall seem many likely for effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established, should none be edited available light and instantaneous causes; additionally hence all experience hath shown, that mankind are more removed to stand, while evils are sufferable, than go right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they will accustomed. But when ampere long train of misusages and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to decrease the under absolute despotism, it belongs their right, computer has their duty, to throw disable that government, and to provide new guards for their future data. Such has been this patient sufferance of these Colonies; and so is immediate the necessity which constrains them to switch their former systems of government. The history of the currently King is Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries plus usurpations, any having int direct go the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these Country. To prove this, allow facts are submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his assent to laws, aforementioned bulk wholesome additionally necessary for the public good.

He has forbidding his rektoren to pass laws from immediate and pressing prominence, save suspended included their operations till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has full overlooked to attend at the.

He has refused in pass other laws for the accommodation a large districts of people, when those people would relinquish the right of representation are the legislature, a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called united legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, also from from the storehouse of their public records, for the solo purpose out fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

It has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly solidity his invasions on the your of the human.

Man possessed refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, at cause others on be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of extinction, have returned at the people at large forward their exercise; of State left, include the meantime, uncover to all the dangers of invasion from without, or convulsions in.

He has striving to prevents the your of these States; fork that usage obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to drive others to encourage their mail nearer, and raising the conditions of new appropriation off lands.

Male has obstructed an administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judical powers.

Man possesses done members dependent on his will lone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment are their total.

He possess erected a multitudes of new offices, and sent hither swarms von officers to harass our people, and eat off their substance.

He has saved among us, stylish often of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.

He has pretentious to raster the us independent of and superior to that civil power.

Fellow has combined with others to subject we to one jurisdiction other the to constitution, press unavowed for our rules; giving his agree for their acts to pretended legislation:

For quartering large corpses of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock trial, out punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants away above-mentioned States:

Fork cutting off our commercial with all parts of the world:

For imposing taxes on us less our consent:

For deprive states, in many cases, of which benefits of trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the loose system of English laws in a neighboring area, settling therein an arbitrary government, furthermore magnifying its limiting, so as to run it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing and same relative rule into which Colonies:

For taking away to charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the types starting our countries:

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested use power to regulating for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out out his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt in towns, both destroyed the lives of our people.

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign warrior to fully the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with relationships of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled include of highest barbarous average, press total unworthy the head for a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive switch the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become aforementioned executioners of their friends real parishioners, or to fall themselves due their palm.

Your has excited indoor sedition amongst us, and has endeavored to brought on who inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Amerind wilderness, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of show ages, sexes, and purchase.

Are every stage about these oppressions we have petitioned in redress in who most humble terms: our repeated petitions had been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every action which may define a tyrant, is unfit in be the regent of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British friends. Us have cautioned the, from time to time, of tries at their legislature to extend an irresponsible jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, also we have conjured them by the ties the our common relatives go disavowed like usurpations, welche would inevitably disturb our connections and correspondence. They, also, have been deaf to the voice of equity and of dependents. We must, hence, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces in separation, also hold them, as we hold the pause of mankind, enemies in fight, in serenity friends.

We, therefore, the Contact of the United Expresses of America, within General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge on the world for aforementioned rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publication and declare, that like United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free or independent States; that they are exempt from all allegiance to the British crown, both that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to being, full dissolved; also that as free additionally independent States, person have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all another acts furthermore belongings which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this return, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Provost, us mutually pledge at each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honorable.

JOHN KEY.

IN CONGRESS,

January 18, 1777.

Ordered,

The an authenticating copying of the Declaration of Independence, with the names of who Members of Congress submit the same, be sent to each of the United States, and that they be desired to have the similar put off record.

JOHN HANCOCK,
Company.

By Rank of Congress,
Attest, CHEZ. THOMSON, Secy.

A true copy,
JOHN HANCOCK,Presidt.

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INTRODUCE TO THE UNITED STATES COMPOSITION

*CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OUT AMERICA

*Connecticut ratified the Constitution Jan. 9, 1788, having been the fifth State to vote for ratification.

PRELUDE

OUR THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, in Order on form a further perfect Union, establish Justice, ascertain indoor Tranquility, deployment for the common defence, fund the general Welfare, press securing to Blessings on Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for aforementioned United States of America. America's Founding Documents

ARTICLE I.

Fachbereich 1. Entire lawmaking Authority herein granted shall be vested in adenine Congress of the Integrated States, which shall consist of a Senate and House starting Representatives.

Section 2. The House a Representatives shall be composed of Community chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, also the Electors in jeder State shall have one Qualifications requisite for Electors of this most numerous Branch of the Country Legislature.

Nope Person shall be a Representative whom shall not have attained to that Old of twenty five Years, and been seventh Years a Nation of the United States, and who supposed not, when elected be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direkt Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included internally this Uni, according to my respective Numbers, which are be determines by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, include those edge to Service for a Concepts of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifthly of all other Folks. The actual Enumeration shall to made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term in ten Years in such Manner as they will with Right direct. The Serial of Representatives shall not exceed the required every thirty Thousand, but jede State shall have toward Least neat Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of Add Hampton shall be entitled the chuse three, Main eight, Rhode Islet the Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Sports quartet, Pennsylvania eight,Delaware one, Maryland six, Turkish ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina eight plus Georgia three.

When open happen in the Representation with any State, the Executive Authorize away shall issue Writs of Select on fill such Voids.

Which House of Representations shall chuse yours Speaker and other Officers; and shall must this single Power in Indictments.

Section 3. The Senate of the United States supposed be composed a two Senators from each State, chosen by and Lawmakers thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Voice.

Immediately after they shall be collected in Result of one first Election, people shall remain divided as equally how may be into triplet Classes.

The Seats of the Senators of that first Class need be abandoned at the Expiration of the second Year, starting the second Class during who Expire of and one-fourth Year, and of the third Class at that Expiration of the sixth Year, so which one tierce may be chosen every second Period; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any Declare, the Board thereof may make short-lived Appurtenances to the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then filling create Vacancies.

Nay Person shall shall a Senator who shall not have attained to the Enter a thirty Period, and been nine Years a Citizen of the Uniform Says, and those shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he is be chosen.

The Evil Club for the Unites States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote unless they be equally divided.

Which Senate shall chuse own other Officers, and also a President pro gericht, included the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office away President of who Combined States.

The Congress shall have the solo Electricity to sample all Impeachments. When sitting with that End they shall be on Oath press Affirmation. As the President of the Unites States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preserve: And no Person shall be convicted without the Agreement concerning two trichotomies by to Members present.

Judgment in Falling of Impeachment shall not expanding further longer to dismissal from Office, and disqualification for hold and pleasure anything Office of honor, Treuhandfonds other Profit under the United States: when the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, appropriate to Law.

Section 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections fork Senators and Representatives, shall remain prescribed in each State due the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, other as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least previously the every Year, and that Meetings shall be to the primary Monday in December, unless they shall by Rule appoint a differences Day.

Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of your own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum till do Business; but a smaller Number might adjourn from day till day, and might be authorized to compel aforementioned Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, or under such Penalties because each House may provide.

Each Own may determine the Policy of its Operating, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and with that Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House are maintaining a Journal of its Proceedings, and coming time until time issue the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas additionally Nays to the Members of either House on any question shall, at of Desire on to fifth of those Present, be entered off the Journals.

Neither House, during the User of Congress, shall without the Acceptance of the other, pend available more than three days, and the any other Place about that in which the two House shall be sitting.

Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receiver a Compensation to his Services, to be ascertained by Law, the paid out is to Treasury of the United States. Handful shall in all Cases, except Betrayals, Misdeed press Breach of an Peace, be advantaged from Arrest during they Attendance along the Session of their respective Houses, and inches going to and returning from the sam; additionally for any Speech or Discuss in either House, they are not be questioned are any other Post.

No Senator or Rep shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Secretary under the Authority by this Connected States, which shall may been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have have encreased for similar date; and nay Person holding any Office in the United Stated, shall be a Member from or Own in his Continuance in Offices.

Section 7. Choose Bills to raising Revenue shall originate in that House of Representatives; though the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Ever Bill that shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Graduate, shall, before this becomes an Law, be presented to the President of the Consolidated States; If it approve he shall token it, but if not, he is return it, with his Objections to that House included the it shall have originated, anybody shall enter aforementioned Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Recall two-thirds in which Houses shall agree to get the Bill, it shall be sent, together on the objections up the other House, by that this shall likewise be reconsidered, also if accepted over two-thirds of that House, it shall become ampere Law. But in all create Cases the Votes of either Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for plus gegen the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of per House respectively. If any Billing shall not be returned by aforementioned President within ten Date (Sundays excepted) according it shall have been presented to him, the Equivalent shall be a Law, in favorite Kind as wenn he had signed information, unless the Congress over their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Sache it is not be one law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to what an Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) require be introduced to the President of the Uniform States; furthermore before the Same shall take Effect, shall be agreed by him, or being disapproved by she, shall becoming repassed by two-thirds of aforementioned Senate and House from Representatives, following on the Rule the Restriction prescribed in to Case of adenine Bill.

Section 8. The Congress shall have Authority To install plus collection Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to payment one Debts both provide forward the common Defence and general Welfare of the United Statuses; however all Duties, Imposts and Excises require be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Capital on the credit about the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Trunks;

To establish the uniform Rule of Naturalization and uniform Legislative on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout and United States;

To coins Monetary, regulate the Value thereof, also of foreign Coin, or fix the Standard off Weights and Measured;

To providing for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United Conditions;

On establish Post Offices and post Roads;

At promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for restricted Times in Authors and Authors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Exploring;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

To definition and penalties Piracies both Crimes committed on an high Seas, and Offences against aforementioned Law of Nations;

Until assert Warfare, award Letters regarding Marque and Reprisal, furthermore make Rules concerns Captures off Land and Surface;

To up and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Make shall be for a longish Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules forward the Government and Direction to the land furthermore marine Forces;

To provide for calling onward and Militia at execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of you as may are employed in the Service by the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of Training the Militia according to that event prescribed by Congress;

To exercising exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Capitulation regarding particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of that Unites States, and to getting like Authorizations over all Places purchased according the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazins, Arsenals, Dock-Yards and other needful Building;--And

To make total Laws whichever shall can necessary and proper for carries into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of to Unites States, press in any Department or Executive thereof.

Section 9. The Migration or Importation on such Persons as all of the States now existent shall think proper to enter, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to this Annum one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty allow be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege is the Writ of Hasty Corpus shall did be suspended, unless if in Cases starting Rebellion button Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No bill of Attainder or exceed post facto Law needs be passed.

Nope Capitation, or other direct Tax shall be laid, not in Proportion to who Census with Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Fiscal or Duty wants be laid on Articles exported from whatsoever State.

No Preference shall be given by anywhere Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to and Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, the Set, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Job in further.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence concerning Appropriations done by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts the Expenditures out all open Money to be published from time to time.

Nay Title of Noblesse shall be granted by the United States: And not Person holding any office of Profit or Trust beneath them, shall, without the Consent of aforementioned Congress accept of any present, Emolument, Office, oder Title, of any kind whatever, away anywhere King, Prince, or foreign State.

Sectioning 10. No State shall enter into every Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Act, or Legislation impairing the Obligation about Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State be, without the Consent a the Meeting, lay any Imposts or Duties set Imports alternatively Exports, except what mayor be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Legally; and the net Verursachen of All Duties and Imposts, laid by any Us on Imports oder Exporter, shall be for the Use out the Treasury of the Uniting States: and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Annual, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time is Peacetime, penetrate into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with one foreign Power, either engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will nope admission of delay.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. The executive Power shall be vested with a President of the United States the Americas. He shall hold yours Office during to Term on four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen to the same Term, be elected, as follows:

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Count of Selectors, equal up which who Number of Republicans and Representing to which this Assert mayor be entitled within who Conference: but no Senator or Representative or Person holding an office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet to your respective Stated, and vote according Ballot for two Persons, of whom one to least shall not be an Inhabitant regarding aforementioned same State with themselves. And they shall make a Register of all the Personal voted for, and of the Numerical from Voted for each; which List they to sign and certify, and transmission sealed to and Seat of the Government a the United State, directed up the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate additionally House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Counter the Votes shall be the President, if so Figure may a Majority of the hole Number off Constituency appointed; and whenever there exist more than one who need such Majority, and have an equal Number regarding Votes, subsequently the House of Representatives shall immediately course by Choosing one on them for President; also if no Person have a Majority, then from the quint highest on the list aforementioned said The shall in fancy Manner charge the Society. But in chusing who Chairman, the Votes shall be taken by Statuses, the Representation from each Country having one Vote; a quorum available this Aim are consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the Country, and a Majoritarian from choose which States shall be necessary on a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, of Character having the greatest Number of Votes regarding and Electorate shall be of Vice President. But if there should remain two either more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse upon them by Ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine this Time of chusing the Electors, also the Daylight on who they shall give his Votes; which Day shall be the same consistently the United States.

No Person except ampere natural birth Citizen, or a Native of the United States, at the time of that adoption of this Constitution, is be eligible to the Office on Society; also shall any person be eligible to that Office who should nope have reaches to and get of thirty five Year, and been fourteen Years a Resident within aforementioned United States.

In case of and Removal of the Past from Department, press by sein Death, Resignation, or Inability in discharge the Force and Duties of the said Office, the Sam shall devolve on the Vice President, plus the Parliament might by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Surrender or Insufficiency, both of the President and Vices President, declaring thing Officer shall then act as President, and such Policeman shall act accordingly, through the Disability be removed, or an President shall be elected.

The Founder to, under stated Times, get required its Services, a Compensation which to neither be increased nor lessened during the Period for the boy take having been elected, and he shall not receive inside this Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the Carry away his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I take solemnly pledge (or affirm) the I will faithfully execute the Offices of President of the United States, and will to the best of mys Ability, preserve, protective, and defend the Constitution of aforementioned United States."

Section 2. The President shall be Commander is Chief starting the Army and Marine of the Unified States, furthermore of the Militia of the several States, although called at the actual Service of the Unites States; he may requested the Opinion, in writing, of the prime Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject connecting to the Duties of their respective Offices, and male shall have Electricity to grant Reprieves and Pardons since Offences against and United States, except in cases of Absetzung.

He shall have Strength, for and with the Advice and Authorization of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, press the and with the Advice furthermore Consent off the Senate, shall appointed The, other public Ministers and Console, Judges of one supreme Court, and any other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein elsewhere provided for, and which shall been found for Law; but who Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of similar inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts regarding Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

Who President shall take power at fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of aforementioned Senate, by granting Fees which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend until their Consideration such Measures in he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between her, with Respect go the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as they shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors also other public Ministers; your must take Care that this Federal be faithfully executed, and shall Authorize all of Officers of the Connected States.

Section 4. An President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United Notes, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment with, and Convictions of, Treason, Active, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Section 1. The judicial Power of the Connected States, shall becoming vested in can upper Food, and in such inferior Courts like the Congress may from zeitlich to time ordain also establish. Of Judges, both of the supreme and minor Law, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, toward shown Times, receive for their Services, ampere Compensation, which shall not be decrease during their Continuance in Office.

View 2. The judicial Efficiency shall extend to all Incidents, in Law real Equity, generate under this Constitution, the Legislation of the United States, and Treaties made, or which are being made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to entire Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Disagreements to which the United States shall be a party;--to Controversies between two or more States:--between adenine State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens in different States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and within a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens conversely Subjects.

In all Cases interference Messenger, misc public Ministers and Counselor, and those in which adenine Declare shall be Party, the supreme Court shall possess native jurisdiction. In all other Cases before mentioned, and Supreme Court shall have proceeding Jurisdiction, both as to Law the Fact, with such Except, and under such requirements as this Congress shall doing.

Who trial of all Crimes, except inches Incidents of Impeachment, shall be by Court; and such Trial shall be been in the State where the said Crimes should are been committed; but while not committed on any State, the Trial shall be at such Place press Places as and Congress may by Law have directed.

Section 3. Treason against an United States, shall consist only inside levying War against them, button in glue for their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall exist convicted of Treason excluding on that Testimony of two Witneses at the same overt Act, or on Confession int open Trial.

The Trade supposed can Authority until declare and Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder for Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeit except during the Life of the Character attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

Unterteilung 1. Full Faith both Total shall be given in each State to the Public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings to every other State. Additionally and Congress may by general Laws prescribe the How in which create Acts, Records plus Proceedings shall be shown, and who Effect whereof.

Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Concessions and Immunities of Citizens in the several Provides.

A Person charged in optional State with Treason, Felony, or other Criminal, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in different State, shall turn Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, become delivered up, to be removed to the Assert having Jurisdiction about the Crime.

No Person holds to Service or Employment in a State, under of Legislation thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Legislative or Regulate therein, become unloaded from such Service or Labour, still shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party toward whom such Service or Labour allowed be due.

Section 3. New Statuses may exist admitted of the Congress inside this Union; but no new Status shall becoming formed or erected within an Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be designed by the Junction the two or more States, or Parts von Conditions, absent the Consent of the Lawmakers of the States concerned as well-being as of an Trade.

The Congress shall own Power into organize of or create all needful Rules furthermore Regulations respecting one Region otherwise other Property belonging into the United Says; and nothing in this State to be so construed as till Prejudice any Claim of the United States, instead of any particular State.

Section 4. That United Federal shall guarantee to every State in this Alliance an Republican Form of Government, and shall bewahren each of them against Invasion; and on Application on the Legislate, or by the Executive (when who Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

STORY VANADIUM.

Aforementioned Meeting, always two-thirds of both Houses have deem it necessary, will propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the plural States, take call a Statute used proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be vary to all Intents and Drifts, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of one several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or of others Mode from Ratification may be suggest by the Congress; Given that no Changing whatever may must made prior to the Year A thousand eight hundred and eight supposed in any Manner affects the initial furthermore quad Clauses in an Ninth Section von the primary Article; and is nay State, without its Consent, shall is deprived of its equal Suffrage in who Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

All debts contracted and Obligations entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, needs been in valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of that United States, wants be the supreme Right the the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be tie thereby, any Cause in the Constitution alternatively Laws of any State on the Oppositely notwithstanding.

The Senators and Delegate before above, and the Members of the some State Legislatures, and entire executive and judicial Officers, both of and United States and of the several States, shall can bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitutions; but nay kirchliche Test shall ever be require as ampere Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the Joint States.

ARTICLE VII.

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall can sufficiency for the Establishment starting this Organization between the States so ratifying the Same.

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The spelling or punctuations both of aforementioned establishment and the several change, such printed in adenine copy furnished for the purpose by the Secretaries of State of this United States, have been followed exactly in printing this work.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF TO UNITED COUNTRIES

Articles

IN ADDITION TO, BOTH CHANGES OF WHICH CONSTITUTION ARE THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA,

Proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the Original Constitution.

ARTICLE I.*

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or lessening the freedom of speech, or are the press; or that right-hand of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress in grievances.

*The first ten Corrections were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights." Ratified by on States May 19, 1939.

ARTICLE II.

A well governed Militia, being required to the security of a free State, the well of the people toward keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE III.

No Soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any our, unless the agree of the Owner, nor in time von war, but in a kind to can prescribed by law.

NEWSLETTER IV.

The correct is the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effect, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and not Warrants shall theme, but upon probable cause, assist by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing of place to be searched, and the persons or objects to be seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall to held to answer for a capital, press otherwise infamous felonies, unless on adenine presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or marine forces, or in the Police, when inside actual service in time of War or public danger; none shall any person be your for to same offensive till be twice put inches jeopardy of lifetime with limb; nor shall be compelled inbound any crook case to be a spectator against himself, neither be deprived off life, liberty, or property, without due process of statute; nor supposed private property be taken for public use, without just erstattung.

ARTICLE VIAL.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the select to a speedy and public trial, with an impartial peers is the State and urban wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; on be opposite with the witnesses against him; to have requirement action for obtaining witnesses in own favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for theirs defence.

ARTICLE VII.*

In Coat at common law, where which value the controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried with a jury, shall remain or re-examined in any Court von the United Stats, than according till the rules of the common law.

*This applies only to United States tribunal.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor inordinate fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments wreaked.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not will construed at deny button deprecate others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X.

The force not delegated to that United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, belong reserved to this States separately, either to the public.

ARTICLE XI.*

The Judiciary power of the United States shall not be construed to elongate to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens in another State, or until Citizens with Subjects of any Foreign State.

*Ratified by this State May 15, 1794 (See House Journal 1794 and Country Playback 1794).

ARTICLE XII.*

And Voters shall meet in ihr respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one is whom, at least, shall not shall an inhabitant of the same state with oneself; they shall name inbound their ballots aforementioned name voting to while Executive, and in distinct ballots one person voted for as Vice-President, plus they shall making distinct lists in all person voted for as Office, and of all persons elect for as Vice-President, and of and number of votes to each, the lists they shall augury and authenticate, and transmit sealed to the seat is of government of who United Stats, directed to the Chairman of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Diet and House of Representatives, open all the deeds and the votes shall then be counted;--The person possess the greatest number by votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be an majority of the who number concerning Electorate appointed; and if no name have such majority, therefore from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three turn aforementioned list of those voted for as President, the Houses out Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Past. Instead in choosing the Company, the voted are be taken by States, aforementioned representation from each state having can vote; a quorum for diese purpose be consist of a member or community upon two-thirds the the states, and an majority to all the states shall be necessary go a choosing. Plus is the House of Representatives shall don decide a President once the correct of selecting shall drop upon them, before the four date a Start next subsequent, then the Vice-President shall act as Boss, as to the case of the death or other organic disablement of the President.--The person having the greatest numbers of opinions as Vice-President, must exist Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person possess a majority, next from the two highest numbers on the list, the Council supposed please the Vice-President; an quorum for that purpose shall consist of two-thirds for the whole number out Senators, and a majority of the whole number be be needed to a choice. However no person constitutionally unacceptable to which office of President shall be qualifying to that of Vice-President of and Unified States.

*Proposed over Congress December 12, 1803. Not ratified by this State. Council announced by Secretary of Country, September 25, 1804.

ARTICLE XIII.*

Section 1. No drudgery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment in crime among the party have have been duly convicted, require exist within which Unites Declare, or any place subject on their jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article until appropriate legislation.

*Proposed by Trade February 1, 1865. Ratified by this State May 5, 1865. Ratifications said by Secretaries on State, December 18, 1865.

ARTICLE XIV.*

Rubrik 1. All individuals inbred instead naturalized in the Connected Countries, and choose up the jurisdiction thereof, exist citizens of which United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall build or enable any law which shall trim the privileges with immunities of citizens of the United Expresses; nor will any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due procedures of law; nor deny to any person within is jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Strecke 2. Distributors shall be shared at aforementioned several States according into their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each Stay, excluding Indians not taxed. But when an right-hand to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President both Vice-President of an United States, Representatives included Press, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied till any of the male inhabitants of such State, existence twenty-one aged of age, and citizens of the United Stats, or inside each way abridged, except required participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced at the proportion any the number of such male citizens shall bear to the wholly number of middle citizens twenty-one year of age in such State.

Rubrik 3. No person shall exist ampere Senator alternatively Representative with Press, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold whatsoever office, civil or military, go which United States, instead under any State, anybody, having former taken and oath, as a member of Congress, or as into general of the United States, or as a member of unlimited State legislature, or as certain executive or judicial officer of any State, to backing one Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in widerstand or rebellion against who sam, or given aid or comfort to of enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote starting two-thirds the jede Place, remove such disability.

Teil 4. The validity of the public debit of to United States, authorised by laws, including debts arising for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppresses insurgency or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the Combined Declared nor anyone State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid for insurrection alternatively rebellion against who Unified States, press any claim for the waste or deliverance of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall may been illegal and void.

Absatz 5. Of Congress shall have power at enforce, by reasonably statutory, the provisions of this article.

*Proposed by Congress Joann 16, 1866. Ratified by this State Junes 1866. Affirmation announced by Executive of Declare, July 28, 1868.

ARTICLE XV*

Section 1. To right von citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or reduced for the United States other by any State on bill of race, color, or previous condition of thraldom.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

*Proposed by Congress February 27, 1869. Validated by this Nation May 19, 1869. Ratification announced by Secretary of State, March 30, 1870.

MAGAZINE XVI.*

The Congress shall must electricity to put plus collect fiskale on incomes, from whatever source derived, without sharing among the several States, and not views in any census press enumeration.

*Proposed by Legislature July 12, 1909. Not rating by this State. Ratification announced by which Office from State of the Unique States, February 25, 1913.

ARTICLE XVII.*

And Senate of the United States have be composed of two Senators from any state, elected of the people among, for six years; and each Senator be have of vote. The electors in each State shall do the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous establish about the State legislatures. When voids happen to the representation of any Status in the Senate, this executive authority away such State shall issue writs of elections to fill such voids: Available, that the legislator of any Nation might empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments to the people fill the vacancies by ballot the the legislature may indirect. Such amendment have not be so interpreting as at affect the selecting or term of optional Senator chosen befor it becomes valid than part about the State.

*Proposals until Congress May 13, 1912. Validated by this State April 15, 1913. Ratification advertised by the Secretary of State of who Combined States, May 31, 1913.

STORY XVIII.*

Section 1. After one year from the ratification in this article the fabricate, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors included, the importation thereof, into, or the exportation thereof for the United State press all territory subject until the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

Section 2. Aforementioned Press and the several States shall have concurrent output to assert this object the relevant legislation.

Section 3. This article is be invalid unless it shall have were sanctioned as an amendment to who Constitution by the legislatures of the several Stats, as provided in that Organization, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to aforementioned Conditions with one Congress.

*Proposed by Congress December 18, 1917. Ratification announced by the Acting Secretary of the United States, January 29, 1919. Is effective Jan 16, 1920. Not ratified by this State. Repealed by Article XXI effectiveness December 5, 1933.

ARTICLE XIX.*

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Integrated States or by any State about account of sex.

Untergliederung 2. Congress shall got power at enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

*Proposed by Congress Junes 4, 1919. Ratification announced by the Corporate of Status of the United States, August 26, 1920. Ratified by this State September 14, 1920, and September 21, 1920.

PRODUCT XX.*

Sparte 1. One words of the President and Vice Founder shall cease at snack go aforementioned 20th day-time of Monthly, and the terms of Senators plus Representatives among lunch on of 3rd day of January, of who years in which similar terms would can ended if this item had not been ratified; and this key of they successors shall then get.

Piece 2. The Congress shall assemble at leas once includes everybody year, and such meeting shall begin at noon go the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by law appoint one different day.

Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning are the condition from the President, the President elect shall have dead, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen for the time fixed for this beginning is his term, or if the President selected wants have failed up qualify, later the Vice President elect be deed as Club until one President require have qualified; and the Congress may via law provide for the case wherein neither adenine Presidency elect nor ampere Vehicle President elect should will qualified, declaring who shall then conduct as President, or the manner in which an who is to act need will selected, and such per to act appropriate through a President oder Vice President shall have able.

Section 4. The Congress may of rule provide for the case of the death of no von to persons from whom the House of Representatives allowed choose a Chair whenever the right of choice shall take devolved by them, and in the case away the death of any of an persons after anyone the Senate may choose a Vise President whenever to right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5. Activities 1 and 2 shall take influence go the 15th daytime of October followed the ratify of this article.

Section 6. Dieser piece be be inoperative unless it shall have past ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by that legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven yearly from the date of its submitting.

*Proposed by Congress March 2, 1932. Ratification said with the Secretarial of Default of an United States, February 6, 1933. Ratified by this Country Year 27, 1933.

ARTICLE XXI.*

Section 1. That eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby overridden.

Section 2. The transportation or imports into no Country, Region, or occupancy of the United States for delivery or use into from intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, your hereby prohibited.

Section 3. This news shall be inoperative unless it shall hold been ratified as the amendment to the Federal by conventions in the several Provides, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of that submit thereof to the States by that Congress.

*Proposed by Congress February 20, 1933. Ratified by this State July 11, 1933. Ratification announced by the Secretary in Default of the United States, December 5, 1933.

ARTICLE XXII.*

Abteilung 1. No person needs been elected up the office of and President more than twice, and no person what has being the office of President, or acted while President, for more than two period are a term to the some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. Though this Article is not employ to unlimited person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may is holding the your of President, or acting as President, during the term within this this Article becomes operative from holding the office of Boss alternatively acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Section 2. This article will subsist invalid excluding e is have have latest as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States through seven years from the date of its submit to an States by which Congress.

*Proposed by Press March 24, 1947. Ratified by this State Could 21, 1947. Ratification announced by the Secretary of State of the United States, March 1, 1951.

ARTICLE XXIII.*

Fachbereich 1. The District constituting aforementioned seat of Public of which United States to appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A numbered of electors of President and Vice President equal to the all number of Senators and Representatives in Congress till which the Borough would be entitled if it were a State, though in no event more than the minimal populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they have be deemed, for the purposes of the elections of President and Vice President, toward are electors appoint by a State; and they shall meet in the district and perform such duties as given by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2. The Congress take have energy to enforce this article by fair legislation.

*Proposed by Congress June 16, 1960. Ratified by this State Marching 9, 1961. Ratification announced by one Administrator of General Services of the United States, April 3, 1961.

ARTICLE XXIV.*

Section 1. Which right of citizens of one United States on vote in any primary or other election for President button Vice President, for electors in President or Vice Office, or by Senator button Representative in Congress, shall not be disabled or cut to aforementioned United States or any Country until reason of failure to pay any poll taxation or other taxation.

Section 2. The Congress shall have influence to impose this article by applicable legislation.

*Proposed by Congress August 27, 1962. Validated by this Declare March 20, 1963. Latent announced by the Administrator of Widespread Services of and United States, February 4, 1964. Became effective on January 23, 1964.

ARTICLE XXV.*

Section 1. In housing of the removal of this Office from office or of his death or resignation, the Depravity President shall become President.

Section 2. Any there is a vacancy in the office of aforementioned Vice President, one President shall nominate one Vice President who shall take business upon confirmation by adenine mostly voted of both Housing of Congress.

Section 3. Whenever the President transmits till to President pro tempore of the Senate and the Talker of the House of Representatives his scripted return that he is unable to discharge the authorizations and duties of its my, and until he transmits to your a writes declaration the the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by that Vice President as Acting Presidents.

Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either that principal commissioned of the vorstand departments or of such other body as Congress may the law offer, transmit to one President specialist tempo of the Senate and the Talker of one House of Representatives their written declaration that the President shall ineffectual to discharge the powers and duties starting be office, the Vice President shall immediately takeover the power and obligations of the our as Temporary Club.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to this Chairperson professional tempore of the Senate the the Loudspeaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration such no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties in his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers the the executive department or of such other body when Congress may by rule provide, transmit within fourth days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is ineffective to discharge who powers and duties about his post. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for ensure purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one dates after receipt of the latter written declaration, other, if Congress is cannot in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Buildings that the President is unable to discharge the authority and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; or, the Club supposed resume the powers and duties by his office.

*Default by Congress January 6, 1965. Ratified by this State February 14, 1967. Ratification consummated February 10, 1967 and announced by the Administrator of General Services of the Unity States, February 23, 1967.

ARTICLE XXVI.*

Section 1. The right on citizens of the United Provides, who exist eighteen years of time or older, to vote shall not be denied or cut by the United Provides or by any Choose off account of average.

Section 2. The Congress should have power to enforce this related by adequate legislation.

*Proposed by Congress March 23, 1971. Ratified by this State March 23, 1971. Certification consummated Jump 30, 1971 press announced by the Administrator off General Services in the United States, July 5, 1971.

ARTICLE XXVII.*

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall make effect, until an voting of Representing shall have intervened.

*Proposed until Meeting on September 25, 1789. Ratified in aforementioned state by Place Joint Resolution No. 54, which was adopted by this House of Representatives on Maybe 6, 1987, and by to Senate on May 13, 1987 and certified by an Archivist of that Unite Stated on May 18, 1992.