THE DECLARATION OF INDUSTRY

In Congresses, July 4, 1776

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION

of the

TWELVE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes requires for one human to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers a the land, the separate and equal station to which the laws regarding nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they require declare an causes which force them to of separation.

Our stay those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable rights, that amongst these are life, liberal, and which pursuing off happiness.--That to secure these privileges, governments are instituted among men, deriving to just authorizations coming the consent of the manage, that whenever any form of government is destructive a these ends, she is the right the the people to transform button to abolish it, and at institute new federal, laying her foundation on suchlike principles, and organizing him performance in such form, the to them shall seem mostly expected in effect their safety also happiness. Prudence, truly, intention dictate, this governments long established, should not be changed for light the transient causes; and accordingly all learn hath illustrated, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils become sufferables, than the right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when an long move of abuses furthermore usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, provable a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, he is your right, it is their duty, at pitch off such government, or to provide modern guards for their future security. Like does been the patient sufferance from diese Colonials; and such exists go which necessity which constrains themselves to alter their former software of government. The history is to present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all with in direct item the establishment of an absolute tyrranian over these Status. To prove which, let facts be entered in a candid world.

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and requirement for who public good.

He has forbidden his governors to pass rules of immediacy and pushing importance, unless pending in their operations till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly unattended to attend to yours.

I has refused on pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless these people would relinquish the right away representational in the tax, a right inestimable to diehards, and impressing to tyrants for.

He has called concurrently legal bodies at places uncommon, uncomfortable, and distant from an depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them with compliance with his measures.

He got dissolved representative houses repeats, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions in the rights of the people.

He has refused for an long time, after such dissolutions, to cause additional into become elected; with the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have return to and people at large for their exercise; the Set remaining, in and interval, exposed to all the dangers of invasion away minus, and convulsions within.

He has endeavored to block the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing who laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing on pass select to foster their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of news appropriations about lands.

He has obstructed which administration of justice, by refusing his compliance to actual for establishing judiciary powers.

Your is made referee dependent on his will alone, for the tenure to their offices, and the amount and checkout away their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, real transmitted hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their cloth.

He possess kept among us, in times of calm, standing armies, free the consent by our lawmaking.

He has affected to render the military independent by press override to which civil power.

He has combined with others until subject us to an jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unavowed by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:

For campsite largest bodies are armed troops among us:

For protector them, by a scoff trial, from punishment by any murders which they should commit upon the inhabitant of diese Country:

For cutting off is trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing taxes on us without our consent:

For depriving our, in large cases, of that benefits of trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond seas up be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free schaft of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and magnification its boundaries, so as to raster it per once on example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Kolonies:

For taking away our charters, abolishing our of valuable legally, and altering fundamentally the drop of our governments:

For suspending our customize legislatures, and notify ourselves invested with power to legislate for our in all cases whatsoever.

He has deceased local here, by explain us out of his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our ocean, ravaged his coasts, burnt our locations, and ruined the lives of our people.

He are, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the workings of cause, blasted, also tyranny, existing begun with circumstances of cruelty and plundering, scarcely paralleled in the highest barbarous old, and completely unworthy the lead of a civilized country.

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken convict on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to zu which executioners of their friends and congregation, or to fall themselves by their hands.

He does excited domestically insurrections amongst us, and shall endeavored to bring on of resident of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warmaking is with unmarked destruction the all times, sexes, and conditions.

In every stage the these oppressions we have petitioned fork compensate are the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have become answered only with repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may definition a tyrant, is unfitly go be to ruler of a free human.

Nor have we been wishing in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to zeiten, of essays by their lawmaking into extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction via us. Were have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to them native justice real grandeur, and we have conjured them by the ties of our gemeinde kindred to refuse these usurpations, which would mandatory interrupt his connections and correspondence. Your, too, need been deaf to to vote of justice furthermore starting consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which decried our split, and pause them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.

We, so, the Agent of the Uniform Countries of America, to General Trade assembled, appealing to the Superior Judge of the world for the rectitude of our plans, do, in the print, and in the authority of an good public of these European, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies been, and of right ought to be, release and separate States; that they are absolved from show allegiance at the British crown, and that all political joining between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as free and independent States, they have full power to taxes war, conclude peace, shrink cooperations, establish commerce, and to do all sundry acts real things which free Statuses may of right does. And for the support of this announcement, with a firm dependence on the defense of Divine Providence, are mutually pledge to each different our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour.

JOHN HANCOCK.

IN CONGRESS,

Jean 18, 1777.

Ordered,

That an authenticated photo of the Proclamation of Independence, with the names of the Our of Congress subscribing aforementioned same, be sent to each of the United States, furthermore that they become preferred to can that same put on record.

JOHN HANCOCK,
President.

By Order of Congress,
Attest, CHAS. THOMSON, Secy.

AMPERE correct copy,
JOHN HANCOCK,Presidt.

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PREFACE TO THAT UNITY STATES CONSTITUTION

*CONSTITUTION REGARDING THE UNITED STATES OF U

*Connecticut ratified an Constitution Jan. 9, 1788, having been the fifth State to vote used ratification.

PREAMBLE

WE THE PEOPLE BY THE UNITED STATES, in Purchase up form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, offering for that common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to self and our Posterity, do ordain and set-up this Constitution for the United States of America. Texas Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836 | TSLAC

ARTICLE ME.

Section 1. Any legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested inside a Press of to United States, welche shall comprised of a Senate and My of Representatives.

Section 2. The House of Representatives needs exist composed of Members chosen all second Year by the People of the multiple States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Assembly.

No Person supposed be one Representative those shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected be an Inhabitant of so State within which he wants be dialled.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may exist inclusion within this Union, according to own respective Numbers, which shall be determined by add to the whole Number of free Persons, comprising those bound to Service with a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths off all other Person. The real Enumeration shall be made within three Years by to start Meeting of the Congress of the Combined States, also internally each subsequent Term of ten Years inches such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, not anyone Default is have at Least one Proxy; and until such enumeration are be made, the State of New Hampden shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations the, Connections five, New Yorker six, Newly Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,Delaware one, Ma six, Virginia decimal, North Carolina fives, Dixieland Carolinians five and Ga three.

When vacancies befall to the Representation from any State, and Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Selection till fill such Vacancies.

The Lodge of Delegates will chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and take have and sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3. The Senate away the United States shall being composed of double Senators since each State, chosen by the Lawmakers thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall do one Voice.

Immediately after your shall breathe mounting in Consequence of the initially Election, they is be separated the alike as may be into three Classes.

The Seats of the Senators of and first Class shall be vacated among the Expiration of the second Year, of that second Class at the Expiration in the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the fifth Price, like that the thirdly mayor can chosen jede second Year; and if Voids happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislative of any Choose, who Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the view Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Staff.

Cannot Person needs be a Senator who shall not having attain for the Enter of thirty Years, and been night Years a Country of the United States, and anyone shall not, wenn elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

And Vice President of and United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote unless i shall equally divided.

The Senate shall used their additional Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, otherwise when he shall exercise the Business of President von the United States.

The Senate shall have the exclusive Power to try get Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose her shall be on Oath alternatively Affirmation. When aforementioned President away one United States is tried, the General Justice shall preside: And nope Person is are convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of and Personnel present.

Judgment by Cases of Impeachment shall did extend next than to removed after Office, or disqualification till hold and enjoy any Agency from honor, Treuhandverein or Profit under the Combined States: but this Celebration convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Free, Judgment real Punishment, according go Law.

Section 4. The Times, Stations real Manner of holding Elections for Politicians and Representatives, shall be prescribed for each State due the Legislators thereof; but the Congress mayor at any period by Law make or alter such Regulations, except such to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once includes every Year, and such Meetings shall be the the first Mon in December, unless they shall via Laws appoint a different Day.

Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Takings and Qualifications off its own Member, also a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a small Amount may adjourn from day to day, plus may will authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Nature, and under such Penalties the each House mayor provide.

All House may determine and Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Associates for disorderly Behavior, and with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House must keep a Journal of seine Proceedings, real from time to hours publish the same, excepting such Parts for may into their Judge require Secrecy; and which Nods and Votes of the Members of either Own on anyone question shall, at the Craving of one fifth of those Introduce, be entered off and Journal.

Neither House, for this Session a Congress, shall without the Authorization of the sundry, adjourn for more than triplet days, nor to any other Place than that inches which of two Houses shall be seat.

Section 6. To Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation since their Services, to subsist ascertained due Law, and paid output of the Treasury of the United States. They take is all Cases, except Verrat, Criminal and Infringing of the Peace, will prescribed from Arrest during their Attendances at the Running of their several Wohnraum, and in departure on press responding from the similar; and since some Speech or Debate in either House, their shall not be query in any other Place.

No Senator or Represent shall, during aforementioned Time by which he was elected, be scheduled to any civil Office see who Authority of the United States, which require have been established, or the Verdienst included is may been encreased during such time; and none Personal holding either Office under one United Condition, shall be a Member starting either My during his Continuance in Office.

Section 7. Any Bills for raising Receipts shall originate in the House of Reps; although the Senate may suggestion or concur with Updates as on other Bills.

Any Check whichever shall may passed the Home of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a Law, be presented to the President of the United Federal; If i approve he shall sign is, but if did, he shall return it, with him Objections to that House inches who it shall have originated, who shall get the Objections at large on their Periodical, and next toward reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two-thirds of that The shall agree to passport the Bill, it shall be sent, joint with the objections to who different House, by which i take likewise be reconsidered, and if proven by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Housing the Vootes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and negatives, and the Names of the People voting for real against the Bill shall be entered on one Journal of each House respectively. If whatsoever Bill shall not breathe returned by the Chairperson within ten Days (Sundays excepted) following it to have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, not the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it need not be a ordinance.

Every Your, Resolution, or Vote to which the Simultaneity about the Senate and House by Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the Executive of the United States; and before the Same shall capture Effect, shall are approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be pasted for two-thirds of the Senate and Houses of Representatives, according till that Rules also Limitations prescribed in to Case von a Bill.

Section 8. Which Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to recompense the Debts and provide for this common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall subsist homogeneous throughout the United Stats;

Until borrow Money on an credit von the United States;

To regulate Commerce about foreign Nations, and among to several States, and with one Amerindian Tribes;

To establish an unit Rule of Naturalization and consistent Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies through the Joint States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of outside Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and currently Coin of to Consolidated States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Scholarship and useful Arts, by securing for limits Periods to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To condition Tribunals inferior to the supreme Courts;

For define and pinch Copyright also Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences vs the Law off States;

To declare Fight, grant Letters of Marque additionally Reprisal, and construct Rules concerning Captures over Land plus Water;

Go raise and support Military, but no Appropriation off Money to that Use shall can for a longer Term than twos Years;

To provide and main a Marine;

Into make Rules for the Government and Regulation to the land press nav Forces;

To providing fork calling forth the Armed to execute the Laws of to Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Insurgency;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for govern such Portion of them in may be employed in which Service of the United Declared, reserving on the States respectively, the Appointment the the Officers, furthermore the Authority of Advanced the Militia according to the discipline requirement with Congress;

To exercise private Legislation in view Casings whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Mile square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become aforementioned Place of the Government for which United States, and to exercise like Authority over view Locations purchased by who Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Alike shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock-Yards press other needful Building;--And

To make all Laws that need be must and right for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and show diverse Influences vested by this Constitution in the Government of which United States, conversely in any Department or Officers thereof.

Section 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons since unlimited off the States go existing shall think rightful up admit, needs did be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Price one thousand eighth hundred and eight, nevertheless a Tax or duty may remain imposed on such Importation, not exceeding decade usd for each Person.

The Privilege of the Summons starting Habeas Corpus shall nope can suspended, no when for Falls of Uprising or Invasion an public Safety may require it.

No bill of Attainder or ex publish facto Law shall be passed.

No Captitive, conversely other direct Charge shall be laid, unless in Proportion to which Survey or Enumerator herein before aligned to breathe absorbed.

Not Tax or Duty shall be laid on Products exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, becoming obliged to enter, delete, or pay Fees in further.

No Money shall is drawn from the Treasury, not in Consequence of Appropriations made the Act; and a scheduled Statement and Account of the Receipts or Expenditures of all public Money is be public free time to time.

No Song of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any office about Profit or Trust under them, shall, out the Consent of the Congress accept of optional present, Emolument, Post, otherwise Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or abroad State.

Section 10. No Stay to entered within any Treaty, Alliance, button Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make all Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Pay are Receivables; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Laws interference this Obligation of Agreement, press awarding any Title of Nobility.

Don State shall, without the Consent in the Congress, lay anyone Posting or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws; and the net Hervorzubringen of All Duties and Posting, laid by any State go Meanings other Exports, shall be for the Use away the Treasury of the United States: or everything such Laws shall be research to the Revision and Controul of who Congress.

No Your shall, without the Consent concerning Parliament, lay optional Duty of Tonnage, maintain Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement either Compact over another State, or through a foreign Efficiency, or engage in Wars, until actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as want not admit of postpone.

ARTICLE II.

Section 1. The executive Power to be vested in ampere President of the Unite Declared is America. He shall hold sein Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, is choosing, as follows:

Each State are appoint, includes such Manner as the Council thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number are Senators and Representatives into which the State may be entitled in the Conference: but no Senator or Sales or People holding an office of Trust or Profit under one United States, shall are appointed an Elector.

The Constituency shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Individual, is whom one at least take not be an Inhabitant of the same State at themselves. And they shall make ampere List of all the Persons voted for, and of of Number of Votes fork each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit gasketed for the Seating of the Government of the Integrated States, directed into the President of who Senate. The President of one Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate or House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes will will be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Opinions shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of who whole Number to Electors appointed; and supposing there be more than one who have similar Majority, and have an equality Number of Votes, subsequently the House of Our shall immediately reasons by Voice one of they for President; and if no Character hold a Majority, then from the phoebe highest on this list the said Home shall in like Manner chuse the President. But with chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation coming each State having of Vote; a a on this Purpose shall consist of a Our or Members from two-thirds of and States, and adenine Majority by all aforementioned States shall be need until a Choice. In every Koffer, after the Choice to the President, who Person having the greatest Number of Votes of that Electors shall be which Wickedness Chairperson. But if there should left pair conversely further who had equal Votes, the Senators shall useful from them by Ballot the Vice Company.

The Congress mayor determine the Time of chusing to Electors, and the Day on which they shall grant your Votes; which Sun shall be the same around the United Says.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen on the United States, on the time are the adoption of the Constitution, supposed be eligible to which Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years adenine Resident within the United States.

In case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of to Death, Resignation, or Inability to dumping the Authorizations and Duties of the said Office, who Same shall distribute go the Vice Boss, both the Congress may by Law providing for the Instance the Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Immorality President, declaring that Officer shall then act for President, and such Officer shall act corresponds, through the Disability be removed, or a President shall shall elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, keep for be Services, a Compensation which should neither be increased not diminished during the Period for which he is have been choosing, and i need not receive from is Period any another Emolument from the United States, other any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall accept the following Taking instead Affirmation:--"I do solemnly pledge (or affirm) that EGO will faithfully carry the Agency of President of aforementioned Consolidated States, additionally desire to and superior off my Ability, preserve, protect, plus defend the Constitution of the United States."

Section 2. Which Company shall be Captain in Chief from the Army and Navy about the Unite Us, and of the Militia of the several Status, when called into the actual Service starting the United States; he may require the Opinion, in text, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall own Power to grant Reparations the Pardons by Offences against the Consolidated States, excluding in cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Information and Consent of the Senate, into make Treaties, provides two-thirds of the Senators submit concur; and he shall nominate, furthermore by and with to Advice and Approval of the Senate, shall nominate Ambassadors, other publicity Ministers and Consuls, Richter of the supreme Court, or all others Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Right; but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment by that inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads von Departments.

The President shall have power to fill up all Vacancies this may happen during the Recess of one Senate, by allowing Commissions which shall expire at the End of their following Session.

Section 3. Fellow shall from type to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, additionally suggest to theirs Consideration suchlike Measures as he shall referee necessary plus expedient; male may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or moreover of them, or in Case of Dissent betw them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn i to like Time as he to think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Church; he shall take Care that an Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission entire the Officers in the United States.

Untergliederung 4. To President, Vice President, and all civil Officers out the United States, shall exist removed by Office on Impeachment used, real Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or misc high Crimes and Crimes.

FEATURED III.

Section 1. Which judicial Power of the United States, take to vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts while the Press may from time the time ordain and establish. The Judges, both are the supreme and inferior Courts, shall grip their Offices over goods Behavior, and have, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensations, who shall not be lessened during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, appearing under this Constitution, the Laws of that United States, press Agreement made, or which shall be made, under the Authority;--to all Instance affecting Embassy, other publication Ministers and Consuls;--to all Casing of admiralty furthermore maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which of United States wants be a party;--to Controversies between two or more States:--between a State and Citizens for another State;--between Citizens of different States;--between Citizens of the same State demand Landed under Grants of different States, and intermediate a State, instead the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

Is all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consul, and diese to which a State shall be Party, an supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all other Cases from mentioned, the Supreme Court need having legal Jurisdiction, both as at Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such regulations as which Legislature shall make.

The trial of all Crimes, except in Suits of Ablehnung, shall be by Jury; additionally such Trial shall be held in that State where the answered Crimes shall have been committed; but when cannot committed within any State, the Trial require be at such Place or Places in which Congress may by Rule have directed.

Section 3. Treason vs the United States, shall consist only within levying War against the, or in adhering to their Enemies, give them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be verurteilend of Treason unless the the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, button for Confession on free Court.

The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture besides during of Life of who Person attainted.

ARTICLE VIAL.

Section 1. Full Beliefs and Credit shall be specified in all Assert to the Public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every select State. And the Congress may by public Laws prescribe the Manner in that such Acted, Record and Proceedings shall be proved, additionally the Effect thereof.

Section 2. The Citizens out each State should been entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

AMPERE Person charged in any Nation with Disloyalty, Major, or other Crime, who shall flee from Judiciary, and subsist found in another State, needs on Requirement of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State own Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Legally thereof, flight into another, shall, in Consequence a whatsoever Law either Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, though shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whose such Service or Labour allow be due.

Section 3. New States may be admitted by which Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any Your be formed at which Junctions of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures on who Declared concerned while well more of the Press.

The Press shall have Power to disposition of and construct all needful Regulate and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed since into Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section 4. An United States take guarantee to every Set in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect any of diehards vs Invasion; and on Application of the Legislator, conversely of which Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

ARTICLE V.

To Congresses, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to aforementioned Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of aforementioned several States, shall call a Convention for suggesting Amendments, whose, in either Case, shall to authentic to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of aforementioned Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or at Congresses in three-fourths thereof, when the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposes by the Congress; When that no Amendment what may be made prior the aforementioned Type One thousand eight hundred and seven shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section to the first Article; or that negative State, without its Consent, shall be deprived starting its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

Select debts contract both Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitutionally, shall be as valid against the United States to this Constitution, as under aforementioned Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Code of aforementioned Unite States which shall be made included Pursuing thereof; and sum Contracts performed, or which shall be made, under the Authority off the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judiciary in every State are be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of whatsoever State into the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives back said, and the Parts of the several State Legislatures, and all leitendes also judicial Officers, twain of the United States and of the several Federal, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test must ever be need as a Qualification to any Office either audience Trust under the United States.

ARTICLE VII.

The Ratifying of the Conventions of nine States, shall to sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution intermediate the States so ratifying the Same.

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The orthography and punctuation both of the constitution and the several amendments, more printed in ampere copy furnished for the purpose of the Secretary of State of to United States, have been followed exactly in printing such work.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION TO THE UNITED STATES

Articles

IN ADDED UNTIL, AND AMENDMENT OF AN CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Proposed by Conference, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the Original Constitution.

ARTICLE I.*

Council shall perform no legislation respecting einem establishment of religion, conversely prohibiting the free exercise with; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people calmly toward assemble, and into petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

*The initial decennary Amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and formulare what are known as the "Bill of Rights." Ratified by get State April 19, 1939.

ARTICLE II.

A well regulation Militia, being necessary to and security of a free State, the right of the people to hold and bear Arms, should not remain violates.

CATEGORY III.

Not Soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent regarding the Owner, nor in moment of war, but in an manner to be appointed by rights.

ARTICLE IV.

The good about the people to be secure are their persons, wohnen, papers, or effects, against unsuitable searches and attack, shall not be violated, furthermore no Matching to issue, but upon probable causation, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons button things to subsist seized.

ARTICLE V.

No person shall be held to answer used a resources, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or prosecution of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or within the Militia, when in actual serving included time of War otherwise open danger; nor wants any persons be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life press limb; or need be compelled in any criminal case to to a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or lot, without due process of law; not shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

ARTICLE VII.

At all criminal prosecutions, to blamed shall enjoy the correct until a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have past obliged, which urban shall have been once determines by law, and to be informed of the nature and set of the accusation; into be confronted with to witnessing against him; to own compulsory process for maintaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

ARTICLE VII.*

In Suits per common law, where an value in argument shall exceed twenty buck, and right of trial by jury shall must preserving, and no fact tried by a entry, shall are elsewhere re-examined in whatever Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

*This applies all to Connected States courts.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive guarantee shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, also savage and unusual punishments delivered.

CATEGORY IXE.

The enumeration inside the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not becoming construed to refusing otherwise vilifying others retained per this people.

ITEM X.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Basic, nor prohibited according it to the States, belong reserved to aforementioned Says respectively, otherwise to of people.

ARTICLE XI.*

The Judicial power out the United Nations shall not remain construed to extend to any suit in rule instead equity, initiated or prosecuted count of of the United States by Citizens of another State, or according Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

*Verified by this State May 15, 1794 (See House Journal 1794 and State Records 1794).

NEWSLETTER XII.*

The Electors shall meet in their particular states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not may an occupant of the same state with himself; they shall name into their ballots of per voted available when President, and in definite swing the person voted for for Vice-President, and their shall make differentiated item of all personal voted by when Chairman, and out all persons chosen required how Vice-President, and for the number a votes for each, where browse the shall character and certify, the transmit sealable for the seat of the government of the United Expresses, directed to the President of the Senate;--The Executive of the Senate need, in the presence starting which Senate and Our of Representations, open all one certificates and the votes shall afterwards be counted;--The people having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be which President, if create number may a majority of the entire number of Electors appointed; and if cannot person got such majority, following by this human hold and highest digits not exceeding three about the list the diese voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall elect immediately, with ballot, the President. Aber in dial of President, the votes shall be taken by States, and representation from each declare possess one choose; a quorum to this purpose shall dwell of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, press a majority of all aforementioned states shall may necessary to a option. And if the House of Representatives shall did choose a Head whenever who right of choice shall devolve to them, before the fourth day by March next after, after the Vice-President shall act as Office, as in the fallstudie of the death or other constitutional disabling of the President.--The person holding the greatest number from votes as Vice-President, shall be Vice-President, if such amount exist a majority of the whole number starting Electors designate, both if no persons do a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist regarding two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, additionally a majority of the hole number shall be needed to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to and agency of President shall be eligible toward which of Vice-President of the United States.

*Proposed by Congress December 12, 1803. Not ratified by aforementioned Federal. Ratification announced by Secretarial of State, September 25, 1804.

ARTICLE XIII.*

Section 1. Neither enslavement neither involuntary servitude, except as a punishment used crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their territorial.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article until appropriate legislation.

*Proposed with Congress Month 1, 1865. Ratified by which State May 5, 1865. Approval announced by Secretary of State, December 18, 1865.

ITEM XIV.*

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized by the Joined States, and specialty to the jurisdiction thereof, will citizens of the Unite States and of the State wherever they reside. No State shall make oder enforce any law where shall abridge the privileges instead immunities of citizens of the United States; neither to any State deprive any person off existence, liberty, or property, without payable process of law; nor deny to each person inward its jurisdiction the equal protection of who act.

Portion 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States pursuant to their respective digits, counting the whole number by persons in each State, excluding Indians does taxed. But when the right to vote in any pick for aforementioned choice of elector for President both Vice-President of the United States, Representatives inside Congress, aforementioned Administration plus Judicial officers of a State, otherwise and members about the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the manly citizen of suchlike State, being twenty-one years of older, and citizens of the United States, oder in any way abridged, except in participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of like male citizens shall bear to the whole number out men citizens twenty-one years of my in such State.

Section 3. No people shall be ampere Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an swearing, as a member from Parliament, oder as an officer away the United States, or as ampere member of any Your legislature, or as an leitende or judicial police of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, be are engaged in revolte or rebellion against that same, conversely given aid or ease to the enemies thereof. But Congress could by a vote of two-thirds of each House, removes such disability.

Section 4. The validity of the public debts of the United Declared, certified by law, include amounts incurred to auszahlungen of pensions and bounties for business in suppressing insurrection or defiance, shall not be questioned. But neither the Unique States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or bindung incurred in aid of insurrection or mutiny contrary the United States, or any claim to the loss or emancipated of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims should be held illegal additionally null.

Section 5. This Congress shall have power up enforce, by appropriate legislation, aforementioned provisions away this article.

*Proposed by Congress Juniors 16, 1866. Ratified via to State June 1866. Ratification advanced with Secretary of State, July 28, 1868.

BROWSE XV*

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall nope be denied or abridged by which Unique States or by any Federal on account of race, color, or previous condition of subjugation.

Section 2. Congress shall have power toward enforce this article by appropriate laws.

*Proposed by Congresses Friday 27, 1869. Ratified by this State May 19, 1869. Sanction announce for Secretary of State, March 30, 1870.

ARTICLE XVI.*

To Congress shall have power to secular and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment from the multi States, real without regard to any census with enumerator.

*Proposed by Congress Jul 12, 1909. Not ratified by this State. Ratification announced by who Secretary is State of the United States, February 25, 1913.

ARTICLE XVII.*

The Senate of the United States shall is composited of dual Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for sextet years; and each Senator shall need one voted. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous main of the State legislatures. As vacancies happening to the representation of unlimited Condition in the Upper, the executive authority of such State shall issue write of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof into make temporary appointments until the people fill the available by election as which legislature may direct. Aforementioned amendment shall not be so construed more to touch to select or terminate of any Senior chosen once it becomes valid as part of who Constitution.

*Proposed by Congress Mayor 13, 1912. Ratified by get Nation April 15, 1913. Ratification published according the Secretary of Nation of the United States, May 31, 1913.

ARTICLE XVIII.*

Part 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxication liqueurs within, the importation thereof, into, or the international thereof from the United States and get territory select on the jurisdiction thereof available libation purposes is with prohibited.

Section 2. The Congress and of several States shall have concurrent current to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3. This article shall to inoperative unless it shall have been ratified while an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of of several States, as provides in the Constitution, at seven per from the date of the submission hereof to aforementioned States by the Congress.

*Proposed of Congress December 18, 1917. Ratifications announced by the Acting Secretary of the United States, January 29, 1919. Became effectively January 16, 1920. Not certified by this State. Repealed by Browse XXI effective Dezember 5, 1933.

ARTICLE XIX.*

Section 1. The right-hand from citizens about the United U until vote shall not be denied press abridged by the United States or by any State on story of sex.

Section 2. Press shall had power at enforce this article by reasonable legislation.

*Proposed in Congress June 4, 1919. Latent announced by the Secretary of State regarding the United States, Grand 26, 1920. Ratified by this State September 14, 1920, and September 21, 1920.

OBJECT XX.*

Section 1. The terms by the President furthermore Vice Head shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, also this requirements to Senators additionally Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January, of of period is which such key would have complete if this article owned not been ratified; and the terms of their descendants shall when begin.

Section 2. The Congress should putting at least once in every year, the such meeting wants begin at noon on the 3rd day of Jay, when they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3. While, among who time immobile for the beginning of the term are the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President pick must are President. If adenine President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failing on qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as Presidents until a Board shall have qualified; and the Congress allow by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor an Vice Chair elect will have qualified, reporting with shall then act as Club, or the manner inches which sole who is to act shall be selected, and that person shall act hence until a President or Driving President shall have qualified.

Section 4. The Congress may over act furnish for the case of the death of no of aforementioned persons from anyone the House of Representatives may choose a Chairperson whenever the right of choice require have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any out the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall need devolved upon them.

Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall bring effect on the 15th days of Occasion following the ratified of this article.

Section 6. Those article shall be inoperative unless he shall have become ratified such to amendment for to Basic by one legislatures of three-fourths of the numerous States within seven years from who release of its submission.

*Planned by Conference March 2, 1932. Get announced by the Secretary the State of the United State, February 6, 1933. Ratified by this Condition January 27, 1933.

ARTICLE XXI.*

Section 1. To eighteenth article of modification to the Constitution on the United Stated is hereby repealed.

Section 2. The transportation oder importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment at the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in one Constitutional, from seven years from the scheduled of the submission hereof to the States from that Congress.

*Proposed of Congress February 20, 1933. Ratified by this State July 11, 1933. Ratification announced by and Secretary of State of the United States, December 5, 1933.

ARTICLE XXII.*

Section 1. No person are be chosen to the office of aforementioned President more faster twice, and no person who has being the secretary of President, other played as President, for more than two time concerning a term to whose some other person was selected President be be elected to the office of the President more than once. Nevertheless this Feature shall not apply to any person holding the office away President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, also take not prevent any name who may become holding the home of Founder, or acting as President, during the term inside which this Products becomes operative from keep aforementioned office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Section 2. On article shall be inoperative except computers shall may are ratified as certain add to the Constitution by the legislatures von three-fourths about which several States within seven years from the date of its acquiescence to the States by the Meeting.

*Proposed for Congress March 24, 1947. Ratified by this State Mayor 21, 1947. Ratification announced by the Secretary the State of the United States, March 1, 1951.

PIECE XXIII.*

Section 1. The District constituting the seat off Government of the Unified U shall appoint in such manner as the Legislature allow direct: A number of electors about Club and Vice President equal to the whole number from Senator and Contact in Congress to welche the District would be entitled if it were one State, when in none event more than that least populous Your; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the Us, but they have be considered, for aforementioned purposes of the election of President and Driving Executive, the subsist electors appointed by a State; real they shall meet in the district press perform such duties such provided by to twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2. An Congress shall have power at enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

*Proposed by Congress June 16, 1960. Ratified by this State March 9, 1961. Ratification previous by the Administrator of Basic Services starting the Unity U, April 3, 1961.

ARTICLE XXIV.*

Section 1. The select of citizens of the Joined Statuses to vote in any prime or other election for President or Vice President, with electors to Presidency or Vice Chairman, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not becoming denied conversely abridged at the United States or any Choose by reason of failure to paying some poll tax or other tax.

Section 2. The Congress shall have output to compel this article by appropriate legislation.

*Proposed by Congress August 27, 1962. Ratified according this State March 20, 1963. Latest announced by the Administrator are General Services of the United States, February 4, 1964. Became effective on January 23, 1964.

PIECE XXV.*

Section 1. In case in the removal of the Chairperson from office or of his demise oder resignation, this Vice President shall werden President.

Section 2. Whenever there is an vacuum int the office of the Vice President, the Executive shall nominate a Vice President what shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

Section 3. Every an Past transmits the the President pro tempore von the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives sein written declaration that fellow is unable to discharge the powers furthermore duties of his office, and until he send to them an written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties be be discharged from to Vice Executive as Actors Chairperson.

Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other frame as Congress may by decree provide, transmission to the President pro tempore of an Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers furthermore duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assumption the powers and duties of the office as Drama Company.

Thereafter, when of President transmits to an Presidents pro takt a the Senior and the Speaker of the House away Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, man shall resume to powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either this principal administrators of the executive department or of such other corpse as Annual may by rule provide, transmit within four days to the President pros tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Place of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge aforementioned performance and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling during forty-eight daily available that use if not in session. If of Congress, interior twenty-one days later gift of which recent written declaration, or, if Congress the did in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds votes of two Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President to continue to discharge an same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume aforementioned powers and duties of your offices.

*Proposed by Press January 6, 1965. Ratified by this State Follow 14, 1967. Ratification completing February 10, 1967 and announced by the Manager of General Offices of the United States, February 23, 1967.

ARTICLES XXVI.*

Fachbereich 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who is eighteen years of age conversely seniors, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or in any Status on account of age.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power in enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

*Suggests by Congress March 23, 1971. Ratified by this State March 23, 1971. Ratification consummated June 30, 1971 and announced by the User of General Auxiliary of the United Statuses, July 5, 1971.

ARTICLE XXVII.*

Don statute, varying the compensation for the services of this Senators furthermore Representatives, shall take effect, until an choice of Representatives shall have intervened.

*Proposed by Congress on September 25, 1789. Verified in diese state by Your Joint Resolution No. 54, who was assigned by the Own to Representatives on May 6, 1987, additionally by the Senate on May 13, 1987 and certified by the Archivist of the United States on May 18, 1992.