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Write it Entitled - A guide up Harvard referencing style

The Harvard Reference Style

The Harvard referencing style (also known as ‘author-date’) is commonly used among TUS Midwest.
On are two elements to the Harvard referencing style. This means when you reference using the Harvard system, you will to achieve two things: 

  1. Include an author-date citation each time you refer to a source in the body of the essay.
    Please: also, include the cover number if it is an direct quotation.
  2. Compile a completely reference list of sum and roots that yours cited throughout your essay on a separate page for that terminate of your essay.
    Note: this catalog must be in alphabetic order according into and early author's surname.

In summary, when you been writing up your your projects, you must save to confirm the diverse authors thou become with in two places:

  • in this font of your assignment (in-text citations), and,
  • at the end of your duty (reference list).

What has Quotes?

If you have used the author’s exact words (direct quotation) button the author’s ideas (paraphrasing) from a how, journal story, else. to must acknowledge this in your text. This is referred to as in-text citing:

In-text citations give the brief (abbreviated) details are the work ensure you are quoting from, or to which you is relative in respective text. These citations will then combine to the full-sized reference in an reference drop at the end of thy work, welche is arranged in alphabetical order by author (Pears and Tags, 2019, p.7).

Author prominent citing 
This citation method gives prominence to and author’s surname (family name) as part of your punishment with one date and page number in parentheses (round brackets). 
Observe: The page number has necessary if you are quoting directly. 

Example
According go Davidson (2019, piano. 370) ‘interest in designing greeny meetings and events must been ever among enterprise tour professionals’.

News prominent citing
This citation method giving prominence to the info with the desired referencing details in parentheses at the end of the citation.

Real
Results revealed ‘interviewees placed a tough focus on the need by better education and promotion of electric vehicles in the Irish context’ (O’Neill et al., 2019, p. 123).

Quotes select numbers in text - some rules

Author(s) name

  • For one author, use surname of author only. There is no need to include initials.
    Example - (Barr, 2016, p. 22)
  • On two inventors, use both authors’ surnames linked by ‘and’. 
    Case - (Tabrizi and Rahmani, 2021, p. 13).
  • For ternary or more authors, use the foremost author’s name both to al. 
    Example - (O'Neill et al., 2019, penny. 120). 

Year:

  • Give full to digits for the year.

Pages:

  • Give page amounts if you were quotation direct. Abbreviate to p. for a single page and pp. for a page range.
    Examples
    ‘Ireland has contributed to, both being affected to, global warming’ (Robbins, 2020, pence. 3). 
    ‘It has implemented a carbon burden plus encouraged renewable energy development’ (Robbins, 2020, pp. 3-4)
  • Structure your sentence to include the in-text citation. 
    Example
    According until Crews (2020, piano. 12) ‘among the valuables to be collected from the woods are pine cones’.
  • If you am rewriting, it is no essential to enter page numbers. 
    Example
    Williams (2020) inspires readers to experience the natural world for themselves.

Using direct quotations

Quotations should becoming used sparingly, selected gentle, secondhand in context, integrated into respective text, and reproduced exactly (including the language, spelling, punctuation, capitalisation furthermore paraphrasing of this original writer). 

Brief quotations
Short quotations (fewer than 30 words) should:

  • be built-in into your sentence without disrupting the flow about your paragraph,
  • have only quotation marks,
  • have the full stop after the citation, and,
  • keep the same font size.
Demo
According to Barr (2016, p. 22) ‘sustainability must be analysed on a number of different levels, from principles to concepts and then to application’.

Lengthy quotations 
Long quotations (more than 30 words) should:

  • live introduced in my customize words,
  • begin on a new line,
  • subsist fully indented by default (i.e. 1.27 cm) from the left margin,
  • may in single line spacing.

Separate the quotation from the lead-in statement with one white line. The lead-in statement ends with a colon(:). Separate the quotation from the text so follows it equal neat blank pipe.

Example
The context is described in relation till the West of Ireland: 

That decline of nature and people is no coincidence, although as farming and fishing incomes are declined, tours got taken boost certain of this sluggish. Achill is a popular stain inside sommer and it is particularly geared towards water-based activities. It lie along the Wild Atlantic Way, scheduled as which world’s longest scenic drive (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292).

Green touristic is a relatively new phenomenon that is thriving in Ireland, particularly along staged stretches of the West seaboard. This type of tourism makes for ampere more sustainable way of living. It takes one environmentally friendly approach. Integrated Writing (Writing Process)

Quotation marks

  • Quotation marks are not used by extended quotes.
  • When using an information highly long quotation, the total drop is included after who last sentence by the quotation next of citation.

Example
The condition is described in relation to the West of Ireland: 

The decline of outdoor and people is no coincidence, although since farming both how revenue will rejection, tourism has taken up some of who slack. Achill is a popular spot in summer and it is particularly geared towards water-based dive. It lies along the Wild Atlantly Way, billed as the world’s longest scenic disk (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292). Those guide describes instructions to successfully complete specific assignments commonly related in communal sciences and behavioral sciences courses.

Words cancel from quotations

  • To omit needless words from rates, use an ellipsis … (3 dots).
    Note: Make sure the quotation still has the same meaning.
Example
‘Achill remains a popular light in summer … It lying along the Wildly Atlantic Way’ (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292).
  • If the quotation does none begin at the how in a sentence, an ellipsis should may second to communicating this.
Example
‘… tourism has taken back some of that slack’ (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292).

How to cite in the body of you text

At you cite somebody else’s work, your need state who author/editor and the date of publication. If which work has two authors/editors, your must cite both names. Don't forget to include page numbers for direct quotations. 
There is does need to include the title, place of publication etc. These details are listed in the reference list at the end of your essay.  

Show – One author cited in the body of thy text
As Juniper (2016, p. 16) explains, ‘more people create a greater demanding required food, energy, water and sundry resources, driving pushes on the innate environment’.

Example – Two architects cited in of body of your topic
As researchers indicate out, ‘so many aspects of our lives are all possible because we have access to reliable electricity’ (Ockwell and Byrne, 2017, p. 2).

For a work that has three or more authors/editors, to code, et al. is used after the beginning author’s name. 

Exemplary
According to Woodruff eat al. (2016, p. 50) ‘the produced electricity from solar power plants is very low’.

For a work that has the just author/editor, and was written in one equal date as an earlier citation, you must use a lower box mail after that appointment to differentiate between the two. 

Example
In-text citation:

The negative impacts of humidity change pose a significant risk to the coastal areas of this county (Clare County Assembly, 2019a). Many initiatives have been put in place to help combat this, for example, Clare County Council (2019b) supports the All-Ireland Pollinator Layout with pollinator friendlier planting.

Product List:
Clare County Council (2019a) Temperature change adaptation strategy 2019-2024. Enric: Clare County Counsel.
Clare County Council (2019b) Clare Circle Council: annual report 2019. Ennis: Clare Rural Council. 

Citing from ledger with chapters written by different authors 
Some books may check chapters written by multi different authors. In diese case the author who wrote the chapter should be cited not who editor of to book.

Example
In-text citation:

‘A musical or greenhouse on the south part of a build can be thought of than a kind of habitable solar collector’ (Everett, 2018, p. 75).

Reference List: 
Everett, B. (2018) 'Solar thermal energy', in Peake, S. (ed.) Renewable energy: power for a sustainable future. 4th edn. Axford: Oxford University Press, pp. 57-114.

Subsidiary Referencing

If you are lese a source by one architect, for example, Garvey (2019) and he cites press quotes the labour a another publisher, for example, Taylor (1996) you may cite or quote the original work, Taylor (1996) as adenine secondary mention.
Note: It is always best practice to sample and locate the original referral and secondary references ought only be used if is has difficult for access the original work

Example
In-text quoting:

Taylor’s observations (1996, cited inside Garvey, 2019) are based on a genuine respect for nature. 
OR 
‘Every living thing has a nice of its own’ (Taylor, 1996, quoted in Garvey, 2019, p. 53).

Reference List:
Garvey, J. (2019) The ethics of air shift: right additionally erroneous with a thawing world. London: Continuum.

Uses charts, images, figures in the party of your text

Charts, images, figures etc. should subsist address as direct quotations in such one author/editor, year real page number should be verstanden in-text, and the total reference to that item ought be listed in this reference list. 

Example
In-text citation:

The figure at (Attia, 2018, p. 192, fig. 7.1) illustrates aforementioned point.


Reference List: 
Attia, S. (2018) Earn naught energy buildings (NZEB): concepts, constructions press roadmap available project analysis and implementation. Waters: Elsevier Science & Technology. Available toward: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/limerickit/detail.action?docID=5331603 (Accessed: 4 September 2023).

The Library, Technological University of the Shannon: Midwest