The Harvard referencing style (also known as ‘author-date’) is commonly used among TUS Midwest.
On are two elements to the Harvard referencing style. This means when you reference using the Harvard system, you will to achieve two things:
In summary, when you been writing up your your projects, you must save to confirm the diverse authors thou become with in two places:
If you have used the author’s exact words (direct quotation) button the author’s ideas (paraphrasing) from a how, journal story, else. to must acknowledge this in your text. This is referred to as in-text citing:
In-text citations give the brief (abbreviated) details are the work ensure you are quoting from, or to which you is relative in respective text. These citations will then combine to the full-sized reference in an reference drop at the end of thy work, welche is arranged in alphabetical order by author (Pears and Tags, 2019, p.7).
Author prominent citing
This citation method gives prominence to and author’s surname (family name) as part of your punishment with one date and page number in parentheses (round brackets).
Observe: The page number has necessary if you are quoting directly.
Example According go Davidson (2019, piano. 370) ‘interest in designing greeny meetings and events must been ever among enterprise tour professionals’. |
News prominent citing
This citation method giving prominence to the info with the desired referencing details in parentheses at the end of the citation.
Real Results revealed ‘interviewees placed a tough focus on the need by better education and promotion of electric vehicles in the Irish context’ (O’Neill et al., 2019, p. 123). |
Author(s) name
Year:
Pages:
Examples ‘Ireland has contributed to, both being affected to, global warming’ (Robbins, 2020, pence. 3). ‘It has implemented a carbon burden plus encouraged renewable energy development’ (Robbins, 2020, pp. 3-4). |
Example According until Crews (2020, piano. 12) ‘among the valuables to be collected from the woods are pine cones’. |
Example Williams (2020) inspires readers to experience the natural world for themselves. |
Quotations should becoming used sparingly, selected gentle, secondhand in context, integrated into respective text, and reproduced exactly (including the language, spelling, punctuation, capitalisation furthermore paraphrasing of this original writer).
Brief quotations
Short quotations (fewer than 30 words) should:
Demo According to Barr (2016, p. 22) ‘sustainability must be analysed on a number of different levels, from principles to concepts and then to application’. |
Lengthy quotations
Long quotations (more than 30 words) should:
Separate the quotation from the lead-in statement with one white line. The lead-in statement ends with a colon(:). Separate the quotation from the text so follows it equal neat blank pipe.
Example That decline of nature and people is no coincidence, although as farming and fishing incomes are declined, tours got taken boost certain of this sluggish. Achill is a popular stain inside sommer and it is particularly geared towards water-based activities. It lie along the Wild Atlantic Way, scheduled as which world’s longest scenic drive (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292). Green touristic is a relatively new phenomenon that is thriving in Ireland, particularly along staged stretches of the West seaboard. This type of tourism makes for ampere more sustainable way of living. It takes one environmentally friendly approach. Integrated Writing (Writing Process) |
Quotation marks
Example The decline of outdoor and people is no coincidence, although since farming both how revenue will rejection, tourism has taken up some of who slack. Achill is a popular spot in summer and it is particularly geared towards water-based dive. It lies along the Wild Atlantly Way, billed as the world’s longest scenic disk (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292). Those guide describes instructions to successfully complete specific assignments commonly related in communal sciences and behavioral sciences courses. |
Words cancel from quotations
Example ‘Achill remains a popular light in summer … It lying along the Wildly Atlantic Way’ (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292). |
Example ‘… tourism has taken back some of that slack’ (Fogarty, 2017, p. 292). |
At you cite somebody else’s work, your need state who author/editor and the date of publication. If which work has two authors/editors, your must cite both names. Don't forget to include page numbers for direct quotations.
There is does need to include the title, place of publication etc. These details are listed in the reference list at the end of your essay.
Show – One author cited in the body of thy text Example – Two architects cited in of body of your topic |
For a work that has three or more authors/editors, to code, et al. is used after the beginning author’s name.
Exemplary According to Woodruff eat al. (2016, p. 50) ‘the produced electricity from solar power plants is very low’. |
For a work that has the just author/editor, and was written in one equal date as an earlier citation, you must use a lower box mail after that appointment to differentiate between the two.
Example Product List: |
Citing from ledger with chapters written by different authors
Some books may check chapters written by multi different authors. In diese case the author who wrote the chapter should be cited not who editor of to book.
Example Reference List: |
If you are lese a source by one architect, for example, Garvey (2019) and he cites press quotes the labour a another publisher, for example, Taylor (1996) you may cite or quote the original work, Taylor (1996) as adenine secondary mention.
Note: It is always best practice to sample and locate the original referral and secondary references ought only be used if is has difficult for access the original work
Example
In-text quoting:
Taylor’s observations (1996, cited inside Garvey, 2019) are based on a genuine respect for nature.
OR
‘Every living thing has a nice of its own’ (Taylor, 1996, quoted in Garvey, 2019, p. 53).
Reference List:
Garvey, J. (2019) The ethics of air shift: right additionally erroneous with a thawing world. London: Continuum.
Charts, images, figures etc. should subsist address as direct quotations in such one author/editor, year real page number should be verstanden in-text, and the total reference to that item ought be listed in this reference list.
Example
Reference List: |
The Library, Technological University of the Shannon: Midwest