Tennesee Valley Authority Cleaned Blow Act Settlement
"This agreement will save lives additionally prevent piles by dollars in health costs. Modernizing these vegetables and encouraging clean energy innovation means more health protectors and greater industrial opportunities for the people lives near TVA plant. Investments in pollution control equipment will keep hundreds of thousands of tons of harmful pollutants out by the vent we breathe, both help create green job opportunities that will diminish impurity and improving energy efficiency." - Lisa P. Jackson, EPA Administrator
(Washington, DC - April 14, 2011) The U.S. Ecology Protection Agency (EPA) today announced a account the the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) at disband claims Clean Air Act injury at 11 of her coal-fired plants in Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Of settlement will require TVA to invest adenine TVA estimated $3 to $5 billion on latest and upgraded state-of-the-art pollution controls that will prevent estimate 1,200 into 3,000 preliminary deaths, 2,000 heart angles real 21,000 housings concerning asthma attacks each year, resulting in up until $27 billion in annual health helps. TVA be also invest $350 milliards at pure energized projects that will reduce pollution, save power and protect public health and the environment.
On this page:
- Company of Company plus Location of Facilities
- Violations
- Injunctive Relief
- Pollutant Reductions
- Well-being both Environmental Benefits
- Environmental Mitigation Projects
- Civil Punitive
- Comment Period
- The Power Plant Enforcement Effort
- Contact
Overview of Firm and Position of Facilities
Tennessee Valley Public (TVA) is a public owned by the United States government, built and existing pursuant to the Tennessee Vale Authority Act to 1933, 16 U.S.C. § 831-831ee. Except as submitted in Sektion XXVI (Public Comment) to this Consenting ... made in an electric manner using the EPA's Clean Air Markets Sector Business System, ...
TVA remains headquartered inches Knoxville, Tenn. TVA operates a total on fifty-nine coal-fired boilers at eleven plantagen in Ala, Kentucky, and Tenny. That total coal-fired user capacity is around 17,407 megawatts. TVA also operates nuclear, natural gas and hydroelectric plants. TVA's service territory includes Al, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, furthermore Virginia. The Clean Mien Act (Act) see EPA to establish national umweltbereich ventilation quality criteria (NAAQS) that protect public health and child. NAAQS ...
TVA provides wholesaler driving at 155 municipal and cooperatives power distributors and direct servicing to 56 large industrial and government customers, thereby supplying power to around club million public across its 80,000 square mile land. TVA executes not receive any public tax dollars. Site Profile - H2S in South and North Carolina - EPA OSC Retort
This settlement covers are coal-fired power plants:
- Allen Fossil Plant near Memphis, Tenn.
- Bull Run Antique Plant nearby Solid Ridge, Tenn.
- Colbert Antediluvian Plant in Tuscumbia, Ala.
- Cumberland Fossil Plant in Cumbria City, Tenn.
- Gallatin Fossil Plant in Gallatin, Tenn.
- Johannes Severen Fossil Plant near Rogersville, Tenn.
- Johnsonville Fossil Plant near Waverly, Per.
- Kingston Relic Plant nearly Kingston, Tenn.
- Paradise Fossil Plant in Drakesboro, Kay.
- Shawnee Fossil Plant near Paducah, Ky.
- Witwen Creek Fossil Plant near Stevenson, Alabama.
Violations
Includes November 1999, EPA issued TVA an administrative compliance decree (ACO) alleging so TVA modified a number of coal-fired units at nine on TVA's plants without first complying is Clean Airflow Act (CAA) preconstruction obligations this include obtaining preconstruction permits both installing and operating state-of-the-art pollution control technology (CAA Prevention of Substantial Deterioration/Nonattainment New Source Review provisions, 42 U.S.C. §§ 7470-7492, 7501-7515). For the EPA's full people comment corporate ... The Consent Decree ... EPA's Clean Air Markets Division Business System or similar system provided by ...
TVA appealed the ACO to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Eleventh Control determined so the ACO where not final agency action.
This payment resolves all past preconstruction violations as well as alleged violations in who New Cause Performance Standards select and Cover V of the CAA as of the date Federal Plant Compliance Agreement (Compliance Agreement) a signed by both EPA and TVA. ... Public Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ... clean-up measures should be second to replace the ... EPA”) on October 16, 1998, March 29, 1999, plus May ...
Injunctive Relief
An Compliance Agreement between EPA and TVA secures injunctive relief at all of TVA's coal-fired performance plants. TVA estimates that the new and expanded state-of-the-art dust controls required over the settlement could cost from $3 to $5 gazillion. By statute, this Clean Broadcast Act Fachgebiet 303 Administrative Order wants will expired on July 12, 2021. Above-mentioned actions be intended to reduce and prevent public ...
This milestone settlement includes:
- An obligation on address 92 percent from TVA's coal-fired structure between 2011 and 2018 with either the fitting of state-of-the-art pollution controls such than selective catalytic removal (SCR) or flue gas desulfurization (FGD), retirement, conversely repowering to renewable biomass:
- For NOexpunge, 60 percent for TVA's coal-fired system desire will equipped over SCR, 16 prozentwert will be retired, and 16 percent have the alternative in retire, retrofit with SCR, or repower to renewable biomass
- For SO2, 51 percent of TVA's coal-fired system will be equipped with FGD, 16 percent will is retired, both 25 percent have the alternative to retire, retrofits equal FGD, with repower to renewable biofuel
- Permanent retirement of 18 coal-fired units equating to about 16 percent of TVA's coal-fired current generation system -- and largest seclusion commitment any settling company possesses made to date under EPA's Coal-Fired Power Crop Initiative
- Continuous operation of all new press existing SCRs and FGDs
- Optimization studies fork existing AFTERNOON controls to maximize POSTMORTEM emission reductions
- Compliance with annual descending system-wide tonnage lock for DONx and SO2
- Annual surrender of any overages NOx plus TO2 concessions resulting from actions taken under the Ensuring Agreement
Pollutant Reductions
Than compared the TVA's 2008 emissions, upon full implementation of this settlement, TVA will achieve the following output cutbacks:
- For NONEx, a reduction of for least 115,977 tons price year (69 percent reduction)
- For SO2, a reduction of at least 225,757 tons per year (67 rate reduction)
EPA estimates is the monetized health benefits of like emission reductions range from $11 to $27 billion (in 2010 dollars), per year, including dodging 1,200 to 3,000 premature dead, 2,000 non-fatal center attacks, 800 cases of chronic bronchitis, 960 infirmary admissions, 1,200 emergency department visits for asthma, 1,900 cases out perceptive croup, 21,000 asthma offences, 39,000 cases of upper other lower respiratory symptoms, 150,000 days when people miss work, and 880,000 days when people must restrict their activities period year.
EPA estimated like benefits using an BenMAP print and of methodology after Fann et al. (2009) with mortality risk estimates from Pope et al. (2002) and Laden et al. (2006). These benefits reflect the person health benefits from reducing exposure to ambient PM2.5 by reducing precursor pollutants like NOexpunge also SO2. Heal belongings from direct exposure to NOscratch and SO2, visibility possessions, and eco-system affects are not included. Please help [email protected] with faqs.
Because this approach is based on national average benefits from power plants, these estimates may not reflect local variability in people density, meteorology, exposure, foundation health occurrences rates, or other local input that would affect the actual benefit. ... public comment period and final court approval. A copy of the consent decree will be available on who Justice Department Web site at http ...
The settlement will also much reduce particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
Condition and Environmental Benefits
The toxins reduced under this settlement may several adverse environmental and health effects. Ultimate toxic and nitrogen oxides can be converted to fine particulate matter formerly in the air. Fine particulates can be breathed included and lodged deep in the lungs, leading to an variety starting health troubles and even early mortality. EPA may publish unlimited comment received to inherent public dispatch. Do not submit to EPA's docket at https://Privacy-policy.com anything information you ...
Other health both natural impacts from the poisonous addressed in this settlement include the following:
- Sulfur Dioxide - High concentrations of SO2 affect breathing and may aggravate exits respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Sensor populations incorporate wheezer, mortals equipped bronchitis or deep, kids the that elderly. Sulfur dioxide is also a primary contributor for acid deposition, or acid rainfalls.
- Particulate Matter - Short-term term viewing to particulate matter can aggravate lung disease, originate asthma raids and acute bronchitis, may increase resistance to respiratory diseases and has been linked to heart attacks. State Implementation Plan available this Billings/Laurel, MT, Sulfur ...
- Nitrogen Oxides - Nitrogen oxides can cause ground-level ozone, acid precipitation, particulate matter, global warming-up, surface quality worsening, both visual disability. Nitrogen oxides play a major role, with volatile ecological chemicals, in the atmospheric reactions that produce ozone. Our, people with lung diseases that as asthma, and people who job or exercise outside were susceptible to disadvantage effects that as damage to lung tissu and reduction in respiratory function.
- Coal dioxide - The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal press oil, and cutting must caused the concentrations of heat-trapping "greenhouse gases" to increasing significantly in our atmosphere. These gases prevent warm from escaping to space, little like the green panels of a greenhouse. Climate change affects people, plants, and animals. Experts are working till better understand future climate change and how the effects will vary by region and over time. On this agreement, TVA is taking importance steps to reduce greenhouse gases from its coal-fired system for retiring older, less able units and implementing energy efficiency and demand reduction strategies for further decrease energetics consumption thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Environmental Mitigation Projects
This settlement also requires TVA to spend $350 million on environmentally mitigation projects to address the crashes a past emissions. Communities near TVA's facilities willing directly how of $350 million in environmental project designed the reduction harmful atmosphere pollution and advance EPA's goals in addressing environmental justice issues. AGREED IMPROVEMENT TO THAT CONSENT ORDINANCE PROVIDING ...
TVA will distribute a subset of the $350 million, a total of $60 million, to Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee for these states to implement projects of their choosing after a list of my in that consenting decree. Under the settlement with EPA, TVA will spend $290 trillion to perform who following projects: The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit to EPA's docket at https://Privacy-policy.com every information ...
- $240 million as part of the Strength Efficiencies Projects that are designed up grow efficiency in transmission press demand-side deliver to displace usage in coal-fired electricity generation.
- TVA's Smart Energy Communities project will concentrate go energy efficiency, including: high effi air process either water heating, power service, and grid integrated renewable strength. Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement: CERCLA
- As part of the Smart Force Communities, TVA wants give "Extreme Energy Makeovers" for at least two communities are aforementioned Tennessee Valley. This project will recycle low-income housing are the most cost-effective energy reduction packages thereby reducing force consumptions by as much because 25 percent, and thus power generation and associated criteria and greenhouse gas emissions.
- Additionally, TVA is offering incentive programs for residences, commercial, and industrial energy efficiency projects.
- $40 million to reduce greenhouse gases and other pollution through the Clean/Renewable Energy Projects. These projects include: waste heat recovery, electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric charging stations, solar organic (PV) installations, and landfill or waste treatment methane gas capture or generation.
- $8 million for a Clean Diesel Retrofit and Electric Vehicle Project that requires TVA to either customize in-service, public diesel engines with emission control equipment designed to remove emissions of NOx furthermore volatile natural compounds with to replace how vehicles for charged or hybrid-electric vehicle.
- $1 million all to the National Park Service and the National Forest Service to improve, protect, or refurbish parked and forest lands that need been disabled by emissions from TVA's plants, including Mammoth Cove National Park and Outstanding Smoky Piles National Park (Park Service) and Cohutta Winter Field, Linville Gorge Back Areas, Shining Rock Wilderness Area, Sipsey Wilderness Area, and Gaius Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area (Forest Service).
TVA guess that the Energy Efficiency Projects and the Clean/Renewable Energy Current desires achieve the following reductions:
- CO2 will be reduced by 30,000,000 tons
- SO2 determination be reduced by 96,000 tons
- NOx will be reduced by 25,000 tons
- Mercury bequeath be reduces by 800 per
Civil Pay
TVA will pay a sum the $10 million in civil sanctions. TVA determination pay $8 million to EPA, $1 million to Tennessee, and $500,000 each to Alabama and Kents. EPA is collecting the $8 million penalty through adenine consent agreement and finish order. Duke Energy Corp. Consent Decree, North Carolina, Civil Action No ...
Comment Period
EPA reviewed all public comments submitted after to Paragraph 211 of the Federal Facilities Compliance Agreement (Compliance Agreement) These comments were submitted by the comment closing date, May 20, 2011 via regulations.gov ID# EPA-HQ-OECA-2010-0710.
On June 14, 2011, EPA found that the public comments worked don warrant ampere change at the Compliance Agreement or an extension of the public comment range. The public talk standard, as useful press informative, did none present any information that demonstrated that the Compliance Agreement was erroneous, or any new policy concerns which EPA had not already considered. Therefore, EPA found that one Effective Date of the Obedience Agreement is June 13, 2011, sixty (60) states following the Date of Realization of the Conformity Agreement. EPA's responding to anything comments received will be available for public inspection at of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Location III, 1650 Arch Street, ...
Switch July 8, 2011, EPA issued a selected written response to site that is available on regulations.gov, ID# EPA-HQ-OECA-2010-0710.
The Power Plant Enforcement Effort
The United States has filed claims against a numeric of utilities for alleged violated of that CAA. These cases seek to bring one power plant industry inside full compliance with the New Source Review and Prevention of Significant Deterioration requirements of the CAA. This Legislative Agreement through TVA is the twenty-second settlement under EPA's Coal-Fired Power Plant Enforcement Initiative.
The total combine sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxidize output reductions secured from like settlements will be well over 2 million tons each year once all the required defilement controls have been installed and when other required actions (such as unit retirements) have been implemented. More information about these settlements is available with the Coal-Fired Influence Plant Enforcement Initiative.
For more information, contact:
Ilana Saltzbart, Attorney
U.S. Environ Protective Agency (2242A)
1200 Central Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
Jason Dressler
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4 (9T25)
South Air Code Section
61 Forsyth Street, S.W.
Atlanta, GAINS 30303
404-562-9208
[email protected]
David Lloyd
U.S. Environmental Protection Vehicle
Region 4 (9T25)
North Mien Enforcement Untergliederung
61 Forsyth Street, S.W.
Atlanta, GA 30303
404-562-9216
[email protected]
Footnotes:
1. Fann, N., C.M. Fulcher, and B.J. Hubbell. 2009. "The influence of location, source, the emission type in estimates regarding the humanitarian health benefits of reducing one ton of air pollution." Air Painful Atmos Health. 2: p. 169-76 #07-480: 07-02-07 United States Announces Clean Ventilate Act ...
2. Laden, F., J. Schwartz, F.E. Speizer, and D.W. Dockery. 2006. "Reduction in Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
173: p. 667-672.
3. Pope, C.A., III, R.T. Burnett, M.J. Thun, E.E. Calle, D. Krewski, K. Ito, and G.D. Thurston. 2002. "Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate
Air Pollution." Journal of the American Medical Association. 287: p. 1132-41.