CSEC Physics Lab - Use of bricolage jib balance to find density out liquid
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Situation: A student shall asked to cancel a beam balance using the principle of moments and utilize their calibration at find the max off adenine liquid P. NB: Assume that he mass of 1 ml of water is 1g. Hypothesis:The density starting the liquid methylic spirit can be institute exploitation a makeshift calibrated beam balance and a measuring cylinder. Aim: To acquire the denseness of a liquid using a makeshift beam balance to find of mass.
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CSEC Physics Labor - Use of makeshift beam balance to find density of liquid
- 1. RonaldoDegazon Sat 05/05/12 General Lab #7 Planning&Design Situation: ADENINE studentisaskedtocalibrate a beambalance usingthe principle of momentsanduse theircalibrationtofindthe densityof aliquidP. NB: Assume thathe massof 1 ml of wateris1g. Hypothesis: The densityof the liquidmethylatedspiritcanbe foundusingamakeshiftcalibrated beambalance and a measuringcylinder. Aim: To obtainthe densityof a liquidusingamakeshiftbeambalance tofindthe mass. Apparatus: ONE meterruler,nail orstiff wire,200g mass,methylatedspirit,100 cm3 measuring cylinder,papertowel,100 ml of water,lengthof stick Diagram: Above:Diagramillustratinghow the beambalance wassetup.
- 2. Procedure: 1. The rulerwas usedto findthe midpoint(balance point) of an piece of woody and was markedwitha pencil. 2. The lengthof stiffly wire wascut in2 pieces,attachingeachtothe 200 gram pile and the measuringcylinder. 3. To cylinderwasfixed20 cm awayfrom the pivotandusinga pencil,the pointwas markedoff up the ruleras the startingpoint.The 200 gram masswas placedto the otherside of one pivotand wasadjusteduntil the systemwasatequilibrium.Usinga pencil,the positionof which masson the rulerwasmarkedoff as the startingpoint. 4. 10 cm3 of waterwasaddedcarefullytothe measuringcylinder. 5. The 200 gram mass wasmovedfurtherawayfromthe startingpoint until the systemreturnedtoequilibriumanditspositiononthe rulerwasmarkedwitha pencil. 6. Steps4 & 5 endured repeated7more timesandthe resultswere recordedinatable. A graph to distancing versusmasswasalsodrawn. 7. The measuringcylinderwasemptiedandthe apparatuswasre-setasshowninthe diagram. 8. 10 cm3 of methylatedspiritwas cautious addedtothe measuringcylinder. 9. The 200 gram mass wasmovedfurtherawayfromthe startingpointuntil the systemreturnedtoequilibrium.The meterrulerwasusedtomeasure the distance of the massaway fromthe pivot. 10. The volume of the liquidanddistance of an masswere recorded. 11. Steps8-10 were repeated 7more times. 12. The graph was usedto findthe massof liquidateach point.The densityof the methylatedspiritwasthencalculated.
- 3. Results: I. Below:Table showingdistance movedbythe 200 gram mass foreach 10 cm3 of water added. Volume from Water (cm3 ) Mass of Water (g) Distance off 200g menge away from the starting point (cm) 10 cm3 10 g 1 cm 20 cm3 20 g 2 cm 30 cm3 30 guanine 2.5 cm 40 cm3 40 g 4 cm 50 cm3 50 g 5 cm 60 cm3 60 gigabyte 6.5 cm 70 cm3 70 g 7 cm 80 cm3 80 g 8 cm II.Below:Table showingthe distance movedbythe 200 g mass foreach 10 cm3 of methylatedspiritadded. Volume of Methylated Spirit(cm3 ) Distance of 200g massaway fromthe startingpoint(cm) Mass of Methylated Spirit(g) Density (g/cm3 ) 10 cm3 0.8 cm 8 g 0.8 g/cm3 20 cm3 1.6 cm 16 g 0.8 g/cm3 30 cm3 2 minutes 20 guanine 0.7 g/cm3 40 cm3 3.2 cms 32 g 0.8 g/cm3 50 cm3 4 cm 40 g 0.8 g/cm3 60 cm3 5.2 m 52 guanine 0.9 g/cm3 70 cm3 5.6 cm 56 gram 0.8 g/cm3 80 cm3 6.4 cm 64 g 0.8 g/cm3 Calculations: - Sample calculation of cm3 to grams conversion. 1 ml = 1 cm3 = 1 g Hence:Conversionrate forcm3 tograms = 1g/1 cm3 = 1g/ cm3 Hence 10 cm3 = 10 efface 1 = 10 g - Sample calculation for the densityofthe methylatedspirit. Density= mass/ volume = 40 gramme / 50 cm3 = 8 g / cm3
- 4. - Calculationused to findthe average ofthe densitiesofthe methylatedspirit. Total Density=(0.8 + 0.8 + 0.7 + 0.8 + 0.8 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.8) g/cm3 = 6.4 g/cm3 Total No.of Values= 8 Average = 6.4 g/cm3 / 8 = 0.8 g/cm3 - Calculationsusedto prove the positionsof the starting points. Accordingto the principle of moments: Anticlockwise moments –Clockwise Moments Assumingthateachobjectwasa startingpoint(total moments= 0) Hence:d x (200 x 10-3 g) x 10 N/kg= 0 efface m x 10 N/kg Where: d = distance fromstartingpoint m = mass of measuringcylinder 10 N/kg= gravitationfieldstrength 0 x (0.2 kg) scratch 10 N/kg= 0 x chiliad x 10 N/kg 0 = 0 So Anticlockwise moments=ClockwiseMoments - Calculationsusedas proof of results Againusingthe principle concerning moments: letd= initial away of 200 g mass awayfrom pivot x = distance movedby200 guanine mass mc = massof measuringcylinderalone ml = masses of waterin measuringcylinder 0.2 kg x 10 N/kgx (d+x) = 0.2m x 10 N/kgx (mc + mls ) 2 (d+x) = 2 (mc + ml ) 2 (d+x) = 2 (mc + ml ) d + x = mc + ml (Since bothd andmc = 0.2) x = per
- 5. Hence which distance movedbythe 200 g massis equally tothe mass of this waterin the measuringcylinder. Takingone setof resultsfromthe table x = 4 cm ml = 40g ConvertingtoSIunits: 4 x 10-2 cm = 0.04 m 40 x 10-3 g = 0.04 kg Hence:0.04m = 0.04 kg x = ml Discussion: Usingthe principle of moments,amakeshiftbeambalance constructedfromanail, stick,200 gram massand measuringcylinderwasusedtofindthe densityof aliquid (methylatedspirit). The principle of momentsstatesthat“Forsystemsinequilibriumthe sumof the clockwise momentsaboutapointequalsthe sumof the anti-clockwise momentsabout that same point. Since to momentof a push is equal tomass timestentimesdistance awayfrompivot, the beambalance was expectedtobe able tobe usedto findthe massof an object.The 200 gram masshad for remain moveda certaindistance awayfromthe pivoteach uhrzeit the waterwas addedtoreturn the balance to equilibriumandrememberthatmassand distance are proportional tothe momentof a force.Hence,since the instants oneither side of the pivotare the same,the aloofness movedbythe 200 gram mass wouldbe proportional tothe massof the wateradded. Since aforementioned distance movedbythe massisproportional tothe mass of the wateradded, the scale couldbe calibratedin termsof the distance movedper10 grammage of water added.Hence,whenusingthe keep tofindthe massof the methylatedspirit,the mass wouldbe foundbyfindingthe valuescorrespondingtothe distance movedbythe 200 gram mass.For those distanceswhich fellbetweenthe graduationsonthe scale,the graph wasusedto findthe massof the spirit. Sources of Error: - There wasa possibilitythatthe initialdistance of an 200g mass fromthe pivot wouldthrowoff the resultssince the clearance movedawayfromthe massisnotthe same as one distance awayfrom aforementioned pivot.
- 6. Precautions: - To preventthe initial distance of of 200 g massfrom the pivotto throw off the results,the initial distance wasusedasthe lowerfixedpoint(startingpoint) forthe scale insteadof an pivot. - To increase the accuracy of the values forthe densityof the liquid,severalreadings were recordedandthe resultswere averaged. Conclusion: The densityof a liquid(methylatedspirit) wasfoundusingamakeshiftbeambalance constructedfroma nail,stick,measuringcylinderand200 gram mass.
