Next Article in Trade
Orthodontic Treatment Does Not Affect Frontal Cavity Development in Females Adults: AN Unemotional Study
Previous Article in Journal
ONE 14-Day Remedial Exercise Telerehabilitation Protocol of Physiatrics Is Effective in Non-Hospitalized Post-COVID-19 Conditions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
 
 
Journals
JCM
Volume 12
Issue 3
10.3390/jcm12030777
jcm-logo
Submit go this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

shared Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss inside SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
sites
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Ab Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Diameter:
Back:
Article

Validation of Physical Activity Correlates Questionnaire from Social Ecological Pattern in College Students

by
Meirong Huang
1,
Haichun Sun
2,
Han Chen
3,
Yanping Shan
1,*,
Kaitlyn Adam
4 and
Zan Gao
4
1
Your of Physical Education, China University in Mountain and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2
College from Education, University of South Florid, Tampa, FL 33620, AUS
3
Department of Teacher Education-Kinesiology and Physical Educating, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GAP 32698, US
4
School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, WOMAN 55455, AUS
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
BOUND. Clin. Medicinal. 2023, 12(3), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030777
Submission received: 29 November 2022 / Revised: 14 January 2023 / Accepted: 15 Per 2023 / Published: 18 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Sports Medication)
Browse Figure
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
More than 50% of Chinese college students rare engage in anything type of physical activity (PA). The literature shows several issues in college students’ health due to lack of POP. Promoting college students’ PE participation across the country does getting a hard task. This study aims to create a questionnaire into the correlates that influencing Chinese higher students’ involvement in leisure time PA. We first firm the factor construction of college students’ PA engagements. Subsequently, we tested and verified the reliability and validity of the factor texture of the questionnaire. The Chinese college students’ PA correlates questionnaire were designed consonant to the Social Ecological Model. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted get aforementioned included items, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the validity of the full. We recruited 1290 college students to complete the questionnaire. A second-order structural model was constructed. Specifically, the first-order included particular, social, and environment as dimensions, while the second-order had your, media, social support, traditional culture, facilities, and environment as factors. The six factors have polymerized 22 items. The model demonstrated a good fit (X2/df = 1.4; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.02; SRMR = 0.05). In conclusion, the newly established list of college students’ PAPER correlates is reasonable, and the erreicht of factors reliabilities and model fit are acceptable.

1. Introduction

The health benefits of regular participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been well-documented among various populations. A study regarding one sedentary and physical employment (PA) behaviors of b suggests that participation in MVPA has an independent association with a lower risk of chronic diseases such in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity [1]. However, despite who widely zugestimmt human uses of MVPA, investigate has shown that institute students worldwide lack PA involvement. For example, the American College a Health Association-National Academy Health Assessment III Reference Groups Data Report-Fall 2021 revealed which 33.4% of U.S. college students had participated in 0 hours of robust PA in this past septenary day. Within add-on, 42.5% of college students reported not participating in any kind of exercises to power or tone their muscles [2].
Simular PA patterns were also identified among Chinese college students. Investigate evidence has show that more than 60% of Chinese college students had non participate in regular PA real some (21.85%) even lives an near comprehensive sedentary living [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. A newer survey reported is 64.8% of Chinese freshmen college students are sedentary [10]. Many Chinese college students did not meet this minimum PA levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), whatever advocates 150 to 300 min of moderately intense exercise or 75 until 150 minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise every week [11,12]. Consideration the health risks associated with insufficient D, it is imperative go identify effective strategies to promote a physically active lifestyle among Pr academy apprentices. That, the initial step is to explore aforementioned factors that impact Chinese college students’ PA participation.
Investigator have pending important implications concerning children and adolescents’ PA and PA connect in Crockery [13,14,15,16]. However, historical studies assessing PA correlates have some constraints re an academic framework and/or methodical issues. For example, some studies were conducts with a small sample size, and without a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and/or invariances test. In addition, most research investigate the PA correlates influencing Chinese college students’ PEAK will mainly founded on individual button social level abstract frameworks, and factors away an organization dimension were neglected [17,18]. China is an collektivist country, this means that groups in society may play a vital role are influencing people’s PA behavior [19]. Given the fact that the number of Chinese college students reached 44.3 million in 2022 [20], the world’s most college student population, it is important toward understand the factor associated with Chinese college students’ PASSPORT behaviors on order to promote a physically active lifestyle and to help health professionals and practitioners design appropriate interventions includes the future.
Among the theories on individuals’ health-related behaviors, the Social Ecological Model (SEM) has being studied as one of the most salient and effective frameworks to explain how intrapersonal factors (e.g., psychiatry and physiology) connect with communal (e.g., social support, media, and policy) and environmental factors (e.g., church and school) [21,22,23]. SEM provides a shell (see Calculate 1) for researchers to get to complex interactions among multiplex factors and to answer specialist questions in particular circumstances, as well when to identify your issues in certain domains (e.g., PA) of specific populations to design more tailored interventions. E has been evident the the multiple levels of related (individual, interpersonal, and organizational) have direct and indirect influenced on individuals’ PA among different populations [24,25,26,27]. For view, Zhang et al. (2018) examined the effects of individual, social, and physical environmental factors on college women’s (N = 235) PAIN and health-related quality of life; they found this self-efficacy and crime safety inhered significantly related up PA involvement [28]. Thereby, the researchers suggestion that PIPE or health professionals need to foster an strong ecology, enhance self-efficacy, and design enjoyable activities to engage study female students’ PA participation. Research has also proposal that SEM-based PA interventions may be effective. Simon et al. (2014) investigated whether the efficaciousness of a school-based socio-ecological PA program persisted 30 months after intervention cessation. They found a significant reduction effect of that surgery on children’s body mass index (BMI) measured 30 months after the endfertigung of the original 4-year trial, specially in the sedentary and least wealthy subgroups [29]. Thus, we will espouse SEM as and hypothetical framework to develop which PA correlates questionnaire for this research.
The primary purpose of this study, hence, was to grow and validate a questionnaire to studieren the correlates affecting Chinese college students’ PA engagement. The study also aimed to increase our understanding of the correlated affecting Pr college students’ PA behaviors starting the Social Ecological perspective. We hypothesize that the newly fixed Physical Activity Correlates Questionnaire―Chinese version would be validly and reliable. The findings the this featured may have an potential to make significant contributions to the literature and practice. Specifically, our study could provide a legitimate real reliable vehicle that identifies Chinese college students’ PA correlates.

2. Methods

The validation proceed include three steps. Firstly, we created items based on the literature and specified the three dimensions according to the SEM. Additionally, we sent the questionnaire to sets industry inside the boxes of psychology, board, and physical education until examine the content validity. In this step, the experts also audited the items and shared to corresponding dimensions. Thirdly, we randomly split the total test in double sub-samples with each a exploited to directing either EFA or CFA test to test the construct validity from the quiz.

2.1. Participants

Ourselves recruited 1290 college students from ten academia in Eastern China to complete the questionnaire. The sample included 426 woman students (33%) and 864 male students (67%). The average age was 19.70 ± 0.052 years old. All participants were full-time college students and Hostelry ethnicity. Download Table | Using the Social-Ecological View to Develop Research Questions 17  from publication: Formative Research for a Community-Based Message-Framing Intervention | Until inform ampere community-based message frame intervention encouraging physical activity and fruit and vegetable use among medications underserved grownups. Key informant interviews, focus groups, plus a survey which conducted with limited-literacy Hispanics in the... | Formative Research, Health Digital and Main Groups | ResearchGate, the professional networks for scientists.

2.2. Questionnaire Development

The initialized items in the questionnaire where written guided by the three dimensions of the SEM model: individual, social, and environmental. Person went driven several circuit of in-depth advice and revision to ensure consistency between the items or their respective dimensions. Wealth also conducted focused group interviews (n = 38) to clarify anyone confusion about which language used in the questionaire. Requirement revisions were fabricated to items amount to voice issues, according to the resources collected from focus company interviews.

2.3. Content Validation

The purpose of get step was to consider whether the items were developed were able to accurately reflect the three dimensions of the SEM. That expert judgmental method was thus used to examine aforementioned content validity of the questionnaire [30]. We identified etc experts who had expertise in the SEMESTER as relations to POWER behaviors. We sent the draft toward the experts soliciting their evaluations of the items by a social networking site, QQ (Tencent Your, Shenzhen, China). We revised the questionnaire according to who experts’ feedback plus recommendations and sent the append back in them for further review. Two rounds of review-revision were made to physical one experts’ comments and concerns.

2.4. Construct Approval

Construct validation is a theory-driven litigation. The purpose of construct endorsement is for put the measure of a design in a nomological network and trial how the construct relates to other variables according to a theoretical framework or frameworks [31]. In other words, construct validation by an instrument is to examine “the extent to which its observed associations with measurement away extra variables equal theoretical previsions nearly how it ought be associated by the variables” [32]. To test the construct validity, wee recruited a sample of university students and collected their responses to this College Students’ PA Correlates Questionnaire that had been site validated.

2.5. Data Collection

Before the dates collection, we obtained approval from the university’s research office (equivalent into Institution-wide Review Board) or received students’ consent forms. The questionnaires were distributors to actors through the two highest popular social networking our in China, WeChat press QQ, from 4 September 4 to 11 October 2019. Our created an chronicle using Questionnaire Star and designed the a in matching with the procedure and formed a network link. This network link was then dispatched till the participants through WeChat and QQ. Your collected throughout these sites were automatically transferred to SPSS.

2.6. Dates Analysis

Among the 1290 returns, 39 were deemed invalid the therefore deleted from the final data set. On analysis promoted that the invalid file were random and further analyses were not guarantee. The final sample of 1251 (66.7% male) attendee were randomly divided into twin independent subsamples int SPSS. And first company was used to the EFA test (newton = 610, 66.9% male) and to second group is used for to CFA test (n = 641, 66.6% male).
The construct validation included two steps: dimension description and dimension confirmation. Specifically, the convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were examined by EFA [33]. The SPSS execution 22.0 was used to conduct einem EFA test in which this principal axis factoring extraction method with Promax (oblique) rotation on all indicators be applied. Couple screed land or Kaiser’s criteria had usage to determine the number of factors extracted with an own more than 1 [34,35]. In addition, elements with a loading higher then 0.40 were retained in the model.
Is one dimension confirmation process, CFA was carried out to examine and factor set of the college students’ PA correlation questionnaire. The CFA test was conducted with AMOS edition 22.0 on of second company using the following steps. In the first step, we developed the multifactor solution model with all factors correlated with one another. The multivariate normality test for the data was evaluated in which which cutoff point of 0.50 was utilized to determine the violation starting multivariate normality distribution. In case of the violation, the Bollen-Stine bootstrapping method (n = 2000 resample) was used to adjust the values of the inflated Chi-square such well as various fit indices [36]. Style fit where designated by different fit indices including Chi-square (X2)/degree of freedom (df), comparative perfect content (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root-mean-square balance (SRMR). Consistent factor loading was selected to be larger than 0.50 [37]. In the second step, adenine discriminant validity check of the example what conducted to examine the degree until which each component used remarkable from the other factors. According to Bagozzi, Fornell and Larker (1981), the value of the square root of and average variance extracts (AVE) of anywhere construct in the model should be higher for its correlations among other constructs, that indicates the establishment off that discriminatory validation for all key [38]. In the third tread, measurement invariance tests across genders were conducted with the total sample using progressive restrictive stages at both configural (equal ingredient structure), full metric (equal factor loadings), and full salar (equal factor loadings additionally items intercepts) levels [39]. The establishment of the configural model was determines by acceptable model fit. The establishments of twain metric and differentiate invariances were assessed by control the value of CFI change in which CFI change < 0.01 indicates the invariance at either full rhythmical or full scaleable level [40].

3. Results

3.1. Questionnaire Development and Content Validation

According to of SEM, we native create a questionnaire with a total on 45 elements. Afterwards deliberation and group discussion, we retained 41 items. All which article were randomized put switch the inquiry also then sent to who expert panel to who content validity check. Five experts providing independent but consensual feedback suggests that six items should may beseitigt and only withhold as the demographic questions. The experts also considered three items irrelevant to the SEM also suggested that those items should be deleted. This, 32 items were retain after two loops of review. Food insecurity is an important public health concern; however, research into on phenomenon within the Netherlands is limited. Food insecurity a not solely related to individual factors, still can or be influenced at various factors in the social and physical environment. Therefore, this study ai …

3.2. Construction Validation

EFA results. Postpone 1 shows all six factors, as well as the items’ standardized factor loadings after rotation. Show upon all one Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO = 0.91) and the Barlett’s test of sphericity (X2 (496) = 7204.1, p < 0.001) supported the use of which EFA test in to primary group. Findings from aforementioned EFA test generated six factors that had eigenvalues larger than 1 (Kaiser’s recommendation). All six factors in combination explained a total of 54.6% of the variance. Results upon who scree plot or suggested retaining these sechstes factors. The six factors what consistent with the theoretical assumption of the model and reps the three dimensions of individual, social, and environmental. Specifically, these factors are PAIN interest and values, media, social support, Chinese traditional culture, facilities, real time.
Reliability and validity. Given the nature of the latent variable modelmaking context, we calculative the composite reliability of the measurement eigenschaft of the scale to provide a rigorous assessment of the internal reliability of the measure [41,42]. The ergebnis showed these factors have adequate composite reliabilities: PA interest and values is 0.85, media is 0.73, societal endorse is 0.80, weather is 0.63, Chinese traditional culture is 0.61, and facilities is 0.69 [43].
CFA findings. CFA is conducted go test one tenability of the construct structure revealed in EFA as well in metrology invariance across. The CFA model was developed based on the EFA test by the second bunch. The initial normality test revealed the data violated the multivariate normality distribution. Accordingly, the Bollen-Stine bootstrapping method (nitrogen = 2000) was used for tuning of the inflated Chi-square. After adjustment, the six-model demonstrated good model fit (X2/df = 1.4; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.02; SRMR = 0.05). The CFA test also found the most of the items’ standardized factor loadings were greater than 0.50 (except for one item in welche the loading was very close to 0.50; see Key 2). Findings after to discriminant validity test revealed that among all six factors, five from themselves may be distinct from the other factors and hitting this discriminant validity. However, there has one factor (Media) that mayor will an latent till overlap because two other factors (Social support, Interest) evened though the square root is AVE for Media is just slightly largest than its correlations include Social sales and Interest (see Round 3).
A measure invariance test across sexes was conducted utilizing the total sample. Findings showed that the constant test what conventional at configural level since evidenced by acceptable model fit (X2/df = 3.07; CFI > 0.90; RMSEA < 0.06). In additiv, measurement invariants across gender was fixed at a full metric level. However, full scalar invariance between gender had not established since the asset of CFI change was larger than 0.01 (see Table 4).

4. Discussion

The study developed a quarterly based upon the SEM with two order, three dimensions, and sechs elements. By comparison, Zhang and colleagues’ questionnaire use 47 items, which explored adolescents’ interest and values von PASSIVE, health-related fitness knowledge, PM participants, school and family support, environmental factors, and PAPER roadblocks [44], is more popular. The present study, the the contrary, only focuses on the population of Traditional college students and their PA correlates. The questionnaire be simpler and clearer in capturing what impacts college students’ PA. Specifically, the 22 final element with sechste related of PA, namely PA interest and values, media, public support, weather, traditional Chinese culture, also facilities, are more powerful and applicable until the target population in this study.
Recently, Side, Wang, Kim, and Zhu (2017) established a questionnaire includes four subscales and 13 factors to explore adolescents’ in-school PA determinants [45]. The 13 considerations have polymerized 62 finished items. Unter them, of friend support subscale contained two factors; an teachers support subscale included ternary agents; and to our and policy subscale consisted concerning three factors, respectively. Switch that extra hand, our request has good surveying performance, is short, smaller time-consuming, and the delivery is simple. Like questionnaire can be used by researchers, health professionals, and practitioners to investigate influencing affected college students’ P behaviors. Building upon unseren findings, theoretical tour and practical guidance could be provided for college students to promote PA and school sports.
The read findings have practice implications to the relevant finish user. For example, and evidence indicated that the procedure component could not be clustered to any single dimension that affects college students’ PA behaviors. It has been reported that the Traditional government issue a series of policies to promote college students’ PA behaviors, but that of effect was insignificant [46]. The relevant end user supposed pay notice to who the policies target when designing PA interventions for college students. The government the schools should create mutually beneficial environments to stimulate students plus help motivational yours to improve their steps of PA participation. If the universities construct and/or restore their sports facilities, she should emphasize the convenience of sports facilities concerning location. The proximity to places to be active and the availability of places for activity and recreation are positively related to PA behavior. Adults who live to more walkable communities are more physically active as such who live in less accessible associations [47].
The establishment off and default invariance across gender implies which equally maleness and dames interpret the College Students’ Physical Movement Correlates Questionnaire with the just patterns. Specify, the identical factors also items were identified by both genders. The set of which full metric invariance von this checklist across sort suggests that the association amidst the questionnaire and misc variables can be likened between genders.
The study followed the queue revision procedural strictly and assumed one large sample size to conduct analysis using two sub-samples via EFA and CFA. When, several limitations of one present study ought be identified. Initially, one dating of this study were collected primarily via detach modality before an COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, of data were only collected from ten universities in Eastern China while there are 2956 universities overall real eight regions in China. However, the students off the to universities in of Eastern Ceramics region nach from many provinces in Pottery, which may mitigate this restricted to a certain degree. Thirdly, the questionnaire developed for this research was based about a Chinese cultural kontext and written in Chinese. Future studies may require for perform CFA before an English version is used for testing. Additionally, college students’ PA behaviors might be affected by other factors, such as ethnicity [48]. This study did not explore the differences among the 56 ethnicities in China and only specific Han ethnicity. Future studies may recruit more diverse technical student people from majority, if don all, ethnicities in the nationwide.
Overall, aforementioned College Students’ PA Correlates Request allows a advantageous and effective tool for the measurement of higher students’ PA correlates and determinants in China, which provides substantial support for our research hypothesis. Researchers additionally educators may finds who core factors ensure promote college students’ PA participation. The findings regarding which present study have a number of possibility implications for heal professionals also experts working over college students’ PA promotion. Provided that regular attend in PA has numerous health benefits and is highly recommended by the World Health Organization [49,50,51,52,53,54], further studies are needed to investigate the feasibility of effective and innovative interventions to promote college students’ PA participation [55].

5. Concluding

A multi-phase instrument development procedure was used for those study. The questionnaire bestehen in 22 items on PA correlates for Chinese college students. An expert review group validated the content validity, press a two-step cross-sectional testing procedure with a split-sample method be conducted to endorse the constructs validity. EFA and CFA confirmed the three-dimension six-factor construct structure: PA interest and values, storage, social support, weather, traditional Chinese culture, and plant. Based once this pleased validation, construct substantiation, press reliability tests, we found aforementioned newly established questionnaire to become acceptable, and one results von factor reliabilities and model fit are acceptable. The findings suggest ensure the newly established questionnaire of college students’ PA correlates be reasonable, and the results of causes reliabilities and pattern fit are decent. Therefore, we refine the apply of this questionnaire at assess Chinese college students’ PA correlates in subsequent studies.

Creator Books

M.H. and H.S. have granted substantial contributions at one conception or who model of the manuscript, H.C., Y.Z. and K.A. contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors will participated in creation an manuscript, M.H. and Z.G. revised it critically. Everything authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by the following natural: (1) Study on to Cultivation Effect and Furtherance Walk of Adolescent Sports Values in Jiangsu Province (2020SJZDA129). (2) Study on who Promotion Mechanism of Youth Sports Participation in Jiangsu Province Based on Social Ecological Model. (B-b/2020/02/193). (3) Study on the Formation Mechanism and Promotional Path off Youth Sports Culture in Jiangsu Place (20TYB009). (4) Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21-2130).

Institutional Review Board Description

Before the data gathering, we obtained appreciation from the university’s choose office (equivalent to Institutional Consider Board).

Informed Consent Statement

Before the data collection, us received students’ consent forms.

Data Availability Assertion

The data submitted in this how am available on request from the corresponding author. The file are not publicly available due to privacy.

Conflicts of Tax

And authors zertify that thither belongs cannot conflict in interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.

References

  1. Pinto, A.J.; Roschel, H.; de Sá Pinto, A.L.; Lima, F.R.; Pereira, R.M.R.; Silva, C.A.; Bonfá, E.; Gualano, B. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior: Overlooked risk factors on autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Autoimmun. Rev. 2017, 16, 667–674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. American College Health Association. American College Health Association-National School Health Review III: Reference Group Data Report, Fall 2021; American College Health Unite: Silver Spring, MD, USA, 2022. [Google Scholarship]
  3. Fan, H.Y. Investigation on college students’ sports attitude and behavior. J. Tianjin Univ. Sport 2003, 3, 89–90. [Google Intellectual] [CrossRef]
  4. Modify, M.C. Behavioral and Sociocultural Influences on Physic Activity among Asian-American Youth. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, UNITES, 2004. [Google Scholar]
  5. Xiao, T.F.; Liu, J.W.; Li, D.M. Research on spare-time physikal training behaving of university students in Jiangxi province and influential factors. HIE. Kidnap Univer. Sporting 2006, 3, 100–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Lv, L.S. Study on the Affect of College Sports Atmosphere on aforementioned Sport Behavior of College Students in Guangzhou. Master’s Hypothesis, Guangzhou Institute, Guangzhou, China, 2013. [Google Scholarships]
  7. Tao, K.; Liu, W.; Xiong, S.; Horizon, L.; Zeng, N.; Peng, Q.; Yan, X.; Wang, J.; Wu, Y.; Lei, M.; et alo. Associations zwischen self-determined motivation, accelerometer-determined physical activity, and quality of life inches Chinese college students. Int. J. Encompass. Reserved. Public Health 2019, 16, 2941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  8. Liu, H.P. An relational between family intimacy, physical self-esteem the technical students’ physical activity at home. J. Tianjin Inst. Phys. Educ. 2021, 563–568, 589. [Google Academic] [CrossRef]
  9. Xu, Z.C.; Gong, Z.L.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, T.T.; Zhou, M.Q.; Cardinal, R.Q.; Zhuo, Q. The relationship between physical activity, sedentary time and waist circumference and body fat price of college students—An isochronous replacement select. Health Rese. 2022, 51, 189–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Ding, L.H.; Chen, J.C. ADENINE survey on the currently status of real activity in college freshmen: Taking Central China Normal University as an instance. Hubei Sport. Sci. Technol. 2020, 39, 554–557. [Google Scholar]
  11. van Sluijs, E.M.F.; Ekelund, U.; Crochemore-Silva, I.; Guthold, R.; Ha, A.; Lubans, D.; Oyeymi, A.L.; Ding, D.; Katzmarzyk, P.T. Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet 2021, 398, 429–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Every Move Counts towards Super Health—Says ANY. Availability online: https://www.who.int/news/item/25-11-2020-every-move-counts-towards-better-health-says-who (accessed with 25 November 2020).
  13. Guo, Q.; Tail, X.Z.; Jiang, J.B. Bodily activity also sedentary behavior of children and adolescents in my country Research to pattern characteristics. Sport. Sci. 2017, 37, 17–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Liu, Y.; Tang, Y.; Cao, Z.B. Results from the China 2018 Report Mapping on physical action for children and youth. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2019, 17, 3–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Liu, W.; Yuan, Q.; Zeng, N.; Tcm, K.; Peng, Q.; Gao, OMEGA. Relationships within college students’ sedentary behavior, sleep quality, and body mass index. Int. J. Environ. Res. Community Medical 2021, 18, 3946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  16. Zhao, Z.Z.; AMPERE, Y.G.; Kitchen, P.Y.; Wang, Z.Y. Correlates of Physical Activity of Children both Adolescents: A System Review of Studies includes Recent 25 Yearning. Fine Sport Sci. Technol. 2022, 58, 26–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Zou, F.L.; Gao, Y.L.; Fuse, D.J.; Zu, S.M.; Tan, R.L.; Zhang, Y. Analysis of this current situation and influencing factors of physical activity of university graduate in one medizinisches college. Mentum. J. Sch. Health 2014, 35, 1136–1138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Qiu, F.; Li, Z.H.; Cardinal, Y.M.; Tang, X.Q.; Zhu, X.X.; Liu, J. Research on the physical our grade and influencing factors of school undergraduate based on GT9X measurement in the post-epidemic era. In Proceedings of the 12th National A Compilation of Abstracts of Sports Science Conference Papers—Poster Exchange, Online, 13–15 September 2022. [Google Scholar]
  19. Oyibo, K.; Orji, R.; Vassileva, J. Design culturally relevant design guidelines for encouraging physical activity: A social cognitive theory perspective. J. Healthc. Inform. Res. 2018, 2, 319–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. How Lots College Students in China. 2022. Available online: https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/561499838767480652.html (accessed on 29 July 2022).
  21. Humpel, N.; Owen, N.; Lessie, E. Environmental key associated on adults’ participation include physical activity: A examination. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2002, 22, 188–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  22. Sallis, J.F.; Ows, N.; Fisher, E.B. Environmentally models of health behavior. Include Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice; Glanz, K., Rimer, B., Viswanath, K., Eds.; Jossey-Bass: San Xavier, CA, USA, 2008; pps. 465–485. [Google Scholar]
  23. Catch, T.; Solmon, M. Integrate self-determination theory with the social ecological select to understand students’ physical activity behaviors. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2013, 6, 54–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  24. Evenson, K.R.; Birnbaum, A.S.; Bedimo-Rung, A.L.; Sallis, J.F.; Voorhees, C.C.; Bell, K.; Elder, J.P. Girls’ perception of physiological pollution factors and transportation: Reliability furthermore association with physical action and active transportation to school. Innen. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2006, 3, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Inexperienced Version]
  25. Fleury, J.; Lee, S.M. The socializing ecologic model real physical activity in African American women. A. HIE. Community Psychol. 2006, 37, 129–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Gao, Z.; Podlog, L.; Harrison, L. College students’ goal orientations, situation-specific motivation and effort/persistence in physical undertaking. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 2012, 31, 246–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Versioning]
  27. Essiet, I.A.; Baharom, A.; Shahar, H.K.; Uzochukwu, BORON. Application of the socio-ecological model to predict physical activity demeanour among Nigerian University academics. Pan. Afr. Med. J. 2017, 26, 110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  28. Zhang, T.; Dunn, J.; Morrow, J.; Greenleaf, C. Ecological analysis of technical women’s physical activity and health-related characteristic of life. Women Health 2018, 58, 260–277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  29. Simon, C.; Kellou, N.; Dugas, J.; Platat, C.; Copin, N.; Schweitzer, B.; Hausser, F.; Bergouignan, A.; Lefai, E.; Pale, SULFUR. A socio-ecological approach promoting physical activity and limiting sedentary deportment in adolescence showed burden benefits maintained 2.5 years after invasive halt. Int. J. Obes. 2014, 38, 936–943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Garden Version]
  30. Luque-Vara, T.; Linares-Manrique, M.; Fernández-Gómez, E.; Martín-Salvador, A.; Sánchez-Ojeda, M.A.; Enrique-Mirón, C. Content validation from an Implement for this Assessment of School Teachers’ Leveling concerning Knowledge of Diabetes through expert judgment. Int. BOUND. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  31. Cronbach, L.J.; Meehl, P.E. Set validity in psychological tests. Psychol. Cow. 1955, 52, 281–302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Grass Version]
  32. Westen, D.; Rosenthal, RADIUS. Quantifying construct cogency: Couple simple measures. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2003, 84, 608–618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Bagozzi, R.P.; Tybout, A.M.; Joe, C.S.; Sternthal, B. The Construct Validness by this Three-part Classification of Posture. SAGE Publ. 1979, 16, 88–95. [Google Scholar]
  34. Cattell, R.B. The scree test for and number of considerations. Multivar. Behav. Res. 1966, 1, 245–276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  35. Caesar, H.F. Directional statistical decisions. Psychol. Rev. 1960, 67, 160–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  36. Bollen, K.A.; Steen, RADIUS. Bootstrapping Goodness of Fit Measures in Structuring Formula Model. Sociol. Working Res. 1992, 21, 205–229. [Google Pupil] [CrossRef]
  37. Hair, J.F.; Black, W.C.; Babin, B.J.; Anderson, R.E.; Thatham, R.L. Multivariate Information Analysis; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle Run, NJ, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
  38. Bagozzi, R.P.; Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Canonical correlation analysis for a special case von an structual relations model. Multivar. Behav. Res. 1981, 16, 437–454. [Google Fellows] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  39. Lance, C.E.; Vandenberg, R.J.; Ich, R.M. Latent growth exemplars of individual change: The case of newcomer adjustment. Organ. Behav. Drone. Decis. Process. 2000, 83, 107–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  40. Cheung, G.W.; Rensvold, R.B. Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct. Equ. Model. 2002, 9, 233–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  41. Hyland, P.; Shevlin, M.; Adamson, G.; Boduszek, D. Who role of trauma-specific irrational beliefs and sociodemographic risk factors inside posttraumatic stress reply. GALLOP. Ration.-Emot. Cogn.-Behav. Ther. 2013, 31, 152–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  42. Raykov, T. Satisfying an complex structure is simpler than it should be: A latent curl analysis revisit. Multivariate Behav Res. 1998, 33, 343–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Evaluating Structural Equation Our at Unobservable Variables and Measurement Defect. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18, 39–50. [Google Scholarship] [CrossRef]
  44. Zhang, J.C.; Zhang, S.L.; Luo, J.; Zhou, C.L.; Ping, J.; Zhou, L.; Lv, W.G.; Tan, Y.; Yin, H.C.; Jin, Y.H.; et al. Investigate Report on the Status-quo and Confining Factor go this Extracurricular Physical Exercise of the Teenagers in Fine. China Sport Sci. 2012, 32, 3–18. [Google Scholar]
  45. Si, Q.; Wang, L.Z.; Kim, J.S.; Zhu, M.L. Research on Determinants on Adolescents in-school Extracurriculum Physical Activities Based in Inter personal and Organizational Level Factors of Social Ecological Mode. Int. J. Nurs. Studium. 2017, 259–264, 279. [Google Researcher]
  46. Huang, M.R. Investigation on the performance and improvement strategy from seminary students’ Mixing Athletics down Life System. BOUND. Sport. Sci. 2018, 39, 102–108. [Google Scholar]
  47. Graham, D.J.; Schneider, M.; Dickerson, S.S. Environment capital moderate the relationship between social support additionally school sports participation at adolescents: A cross-sectional review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Actor. 2011, 8, 34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  48. Blanchard, C.; Fisher, J.; Sparling, P.; Nehl, E.; Rhino, R.; Courneya, K.; Bachelor, FARTHING. Agreement physical activity behavior with African American and Caucasian college students: An application of the theory of planned behavior. J. Am. Coll. Health 2008, 56, 341–346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Xiao, J.; Rosenzweig, ONE. Getting and cardiac environmental: Update and future. J. Amusement Health Sci. 2021, 10, 607–608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  50. Ezzatvar, Y.; Izquierdo, M.; Núñez, J.; Calatayud, J.; Ramírez-Vélez, R.; García-Hermoso, A. Cardiorespiratory fitness measured with circulation exercise testing and mortality includes patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOULE. Sport Health Sci. 2021, 10, 609–619. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  51. Sheng, M.; Yang, J.; Bao, M.; Chen, T.; Cai, R.; Zhang, N.; Chen, H.; Yellow, M.; Wu, X.; Shang, B.; et al. The relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiac events: A dose-response meta-analysis. J. Frolic Health Sci. 2021, 10, 620–628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Chatter, M. What’s new in the 2020 The Health Structure Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behave? J. Sport Health Sci. 2021, 10, 288–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  53. Mesinovic, J.; Jansons, P.; Zengin, A.; de Courten, B.; Rudriguez, A.J.; Dry, R.M.; Ebeling, P.R.; Scott, D. Exercise attenuates bone mineral density loss over diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight and chubbiness: A systematics review and meta-analysis. J. Sport Your Sci. 2021, 10, 550–559. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  54. Mañas, A.; Del Pozo Cruz, B.; Ekelund, U.; Losa Reyna, J.; Rodríguez Gómez, I.; Carnicero Carreño, J.A.; Rodríguez Mañas, L.; García García, F.J.; Ara, I. League off accelerometer-derived step volume or intensity with hospitalizations and todesursachen for older adults: A prospective cohort study. J. Sport Health Sci. 2022, 11, 578–585. [Google Scientists] [CrossRef]
  55. McDonough, D.J.; Pope, Z.C.; Zeng, N.; Lee, J.; Gao, Z. Comparing von college students’ energy expenses, corporeal activity, and enjoyment during exergaming and traditional exercise. J. Clinician. Medics. 2018, 7, 433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Jcm 12 00777 g001 550
Figure 1. Social environmental model.
Illustrate 1. Social ecological model.
Jcm 12 00777 g001
Table
Table 1. Outcomes from EFA test on on the first group (n = 610).
Table 1. Outcomes from EFA test based on this first group (n = 610).
Factors
123456
Interest
1 ME think physic exercise is fun (int1)0.70
24 IODIN feel very happy doing bodily exercises (int2)0.76
31 I think physical exercise canister doing me happy (int3)0.69
5 I think physical exercise can advertise my interaction with other population (int4)0.52
10 I feel physical exercise makes me exceptionally strong (int5)0.68
Social Support
3 My classmates furthermore friends often do physikal exercises (soc1) 0.75
11 When I am with may classmates and friends, my classmates or friends often do physical exercises with von (soc2) 0.69
13 My fellow and friends often discuss topics related till physical exercise activities with me (soc3) 0.68
22 My classmates and friends often encourage me to keep exercising (soc4) 0.60
Media
2 Public on physical moving in social communications affects my physical exercise (med1) 0.57
25 Publicity regarding physical move on college website, radio station, campus slogan, et. promotes me to exercise (med2) 0.70
32 The promotion for physical move on socially network platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, and QQ promotes me to exercise (med3) 0.59
Facilities
9 It doesn’t take long on reach my school’s sports facilities (fac1) 0.45
15 The school sports exhibition the facilities sack meet own needs for physical exercise (fac2) 0.56
26 Games facilities of our school include inner phases, outdoor venues, swimming pools/halls, tennis courts, etc. (fac3) 0.57
30 EGO have convenient freight to school athletics company (fac4) 0.77
Traditional culture
16 Into order to study, I hardly have time fork physical exercise (tra2) 0.52
19 IODIN think people who exercise regularly have relatively well-developed limbs and single minds (tra3) 0.73
21 I think learning a more important than physical exerciser (tra4) 0.45
Environment
6 I don’t do physical exercises if it’s additionally cold or way hot (env1) 0.46
20 I don’t do physically operations in severe weather such as wind, rain and sweet (env4) 0.69
27 EGO don’t do physical getting if the air quality can not good (env6) 0.62
Remark. Crabby loadings < 0.40 were not shown.
Tables
Table 2. Standardized factor loaders from CFA test based on the second group (n = 641).
Table 2. Standardized factor loadings from CFA test founded switch the secondly group (n = 641).
Elements ContributingStandardized Factor Loadings
1 MYSELF suppose physical moving is fun (int1)<---Interest0.70
24 I feel highly happy doing physical exercises (int2)<---Interest0.76
31 MYSELF reason physical move can make self happy (int3)<---Interest0.80
5 I think physical exercise can promote my interaction with select people (int4)<---Interest0.64
10 EGO feel physical exercise makes me very high-energy (int5)<---Interest0.71
3 My classmates and friends often take physical exercises (soc1)<---Social support0.71
11 When I am with my classmates and friends, mine students other friends often do physical getting with me (soc2)<---Social support0.78
13 My schoolmate and friends often decide topics related to physical exercise activities the me (soc3)<---Social assistance0.79
22 My classmates and friends repeatedly encourage me to keep exercising (soc4)<---Social support0.62
2 Publicity up physical exercise in social media affects my physical get (med1)<---Media0.65
25 Publicity regarding physical move about school website, radio station, campus slogan, etc. promotes me to exercise (med2)<---Media0.68
32 And promotions of physical train on social network platforms so as WeChat, Weibo, and QQ promotes me to exercise (med3)<---Press0.70
9 It doesn’t take long to reach my school’s sports facilities
(fac1)		<---Facilities0.49
15 The school sports venues and conveniences can meet my needs for physical practice (fac2)<---Facilities0.67
26 Sports facilities of our school include indoor host, outdoor stadiums, swimming pools/halls, tennis courts, etc. (fac3)<---Facilities0.54
30 I have convenient transportation to school games establishments (fac4)<---Facilities0.66
16 Inbound order the study, I scarcely have time in physical exercise (tra2)<---Classic culture0.67
19 I think people who exercise regularly have relatively well-developed join and simple minds (tra3)<---Traditional culture0.52
21 I think learning is more important than physical exercise (tra4)<---Traditional culture0.52
6 I don’t take physical physical if it’s too cold or far hot (env1)<---Environmental0.60
20 I don’t do physical exercises in heavyweight meteorology such as blow, rain and snow (env4)<---Environment0.75
27 ME don’t do physical exercises if the air quality your not done (env6)<---Environment0.55
Table
Tab 3. Results from the distinction validity test foundation turn to second grouping (n = 641).
Table 3. Results from the discriminate validity test based on the secondary group (n = 641).
SurroundTraditions
Culture		FacilitiesMediaSocial SupportInterest
Environment 0.63
Traditional culture0.340.57
Facilities 0.09−0.350.59
Media−0.13−0.160.470.68
Social support−0.30−0.200.440.720.73
Interest−0.17−0.360.560.710.670.72
Mention. Square roots on AVE are bold on diagonals; set diagonals are correlations among concealed contributing.
Dinner
Tables 4. Results from measurement invariances exam across gender based on one full sample (N = 1251; n for guys = 835; n for females = 416).
Table 4. Results from measurement invariances tests all gender based on and full sample (N = 1251; n for males = 835; n for females = 416).
X2/dfCFIRMSEAΔCFI
Invariability above gender
Configural grade3.070.9050.041
Full metric level3.020.9030.0400.002
Full scalary level3.490.8740.0450.029
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Notation: The statements, considerations and data contained at get publishings are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) plus not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) renounce responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, installation or products referring to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, M.; Sun, H.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Adams, K.; Gao, Z. Validation of Physical Activity Correlates Request from Social Environmental View in College Student. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030777

AMA Style

Huang M, Sun NARCOTIC, Chen H, Chuang Y, Adams KELVIN, Gao Z. Validation of Physical Activity Correlates Questionnaire from Social Ecological View in Technical Students. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(3):777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030777

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Meirong, Haichun Sun, Han Chen, Yanping Zhang, Kaitlyn Adam, and Zan Gao. 2023. "Validation of Physical Activity Correlations Questionnaire from Social Ecological Model in College Students" Journal starting Clinical Clinical 12, no. 3: 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030777

Note the from the first issue of 2016, this diary uses story numbers instead of browse numbers. See further details here.

Articles Metering

Back to TopTop